Hydroxyapatite as a new support material for cobalt-based catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

Abstract

h i g h l i g h t s g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t HAP as a catalyst support material was studied in FT synthesis for the first time. HAP support material exhibited lower acid-site density than alumina support. Co 3 O 4 particles were easier to reduce when supported on HAP than on alumina. Co/HAP exhibited higher CO conversion than Co/alumina catalysts.

Effects of Various Ripening Media on the Mesoporous Structure and Morphology of Hydroxyapatite Powders

“…The simple and low-cost synthesis of micro- and mesoporous HA powders is a challenge for today [ 48 ]. The fields for its application are broadening every day, especially in catalysis [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]; in the removal of environmental pollution in the soil, wastewater [ 15 , 54 ], and air [ 55 , 56 , 57 ]; and in the biomedical [ 58 , 59 , 60 ] area. Additionally, mesoporous HA is considered a potential material for optical applications [ 61 ], as an MRI contrast agent [ 62 ], in chromatography matrices [ 63 ], and as a carrier for the food industry [ 64 ].…”

Application of Machine Learning to Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis for Cobalt Catalysts

“…All of the above elements are the most popular carriers that increase the reaction surface area . All other additives were combined into one parameter (other): zirconium, − manganese, sodium, magnesium oxide, phosphorus, metallic aluminum, bismuth, hydroxyapatite, iron, cerium, and cadmium …”

“…The most interesting case will result in the work of Munirathinam . The authors of the work obtained a catalyst efficiency of 68% using a substrate of hydroxyapatite.…”

“…All of the above elements are the most popular carriers that increase the reaction surface area. 33 All other additives were combined into one parameter (other): zirconium, 34−36 manganese, 37 sodium, 38 magnesium oxide, 39 phosphorus, 40 metallic aluminum, 41 bismuth, 42 hydroxyapatite, 43 iron, 44 cerium, 45 and cadmium. 46 The economic benefit of the relative cost of the catalyst and lifetime was not evaluated since the price of the carriers and cobalt salts themselves can vary greatly depending on the region and the purpose of the Fischer−Tropsch synthesis.…”

“…The most interesting case will result in the work of Munirathinam. 43 The authors of the work obtained a catalyst efficiency of 68% using a substrate of hydroxyapatite. It is shown that reducing GHSV by half (from 1.54 to 0.77) increases the conversion of CO by half, and increasing the temperature by 10 °C increases the conversion by a third.…”