Hydroxyapatite powders and thin films prepared by a sol-gel technique

Physiochemical characterizations of hydroxyapatite extracted from bovine bones by three different methods: Extraction of biologically desirable HAp

“…Hereafter, the used abbreviations in this figure will be used to refer the used extraction methods. The spectra have been validated via JCPDS standard HAp card [40,41]. As shown in this figure, all the peaks corresponding to the standard hydroxyapatite are obvious in the spectra of the treated bones.…”

Chemical Processing of Nanostructured Coatings

“…Proteins and enzymes can be encapsulated in silica glass (12), while still retaining their activity. Sol-gel coatings (13,14) of hydroxyapatite should also aid in the implantation of artificial bones or joints with of the surrounding tissue.…”

Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Ti Plate via Chemical Bath Deposition

“…At present, many techniques, such as sol-gel [6], plasma-spray [7][8], pulsed laser deposition [9][10], dipping method [11], thermal spraying [12], hot isostatic pressing [13], electrochemical deposition [14][15], have been proposed offering the potential for better control of the film structure. But the knowledge on bioactive mechanism, whether in experiment or theory, has been far from sufficient, and most of the methods are not satisfactory yet.…”