Hypercalcaemia, Renal Dysfunction, Anaemia, Bone Disease (CRAB Criteria): A Case of Lymphoma

Singh, Balraj; Gogia, Pooja; Kaur, Parminder; Guragai, Nirmal; Maroules, Michael

doi:10.12890/2020_002140

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The hallmark of MM is the uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells within the bone marrow, leading to the production of excessive and abnormal immunoglobulins [ 10 – 13 ]. The disease is often associated with organ dysfunction that manifests as the “CRAB criteria” in clinical practice, including Calcium elevation (C), Renal dysfunction (R), Anemia (A), and Bone disease (B) [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple myeloma: signaling pathways and targeted therapy

Lu,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Mol Biomed

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Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy of plasma cells, characterized by osteolytic bone lesions, anemia, hypercalcemia, renal failure, and the accumulation of malignant plasma cells. The pathogenesis of MM involves the interaction between MM cells and the bone marrow microenvironment through soluble cytokines and cell adhesion molecules, which activate various signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, RAS/MAPK, JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, and NF-κB pathways. Aberrant activation of these pathways contributes to the proliferation, survival, migration, and drug resistance of myeloma cells, making them attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. Currently, approved drugs targeting these signaling pathways in MM are limited, with many inhibitors and inducers still in preclinical or clinical research stages. Therapeutic options for MM include non-targeted drugs like alkylating agents, corticosteroids, immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, and histone deacetylase inhibitors. Additionally, targeted drugs such as monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, bispecific T-cell engagers, and bispecific antibodies are being used in MM treatment. Despite significant advancements in MM treatment, the disease remains incurable, emphasizing the need for the development of novel or combined targeted therapies based on emerging theoretical knowledge, technologies, and platforms. In this review, we highlight the key role of signaling pathways in the malignant progression and treatment of MM, exploring advances in targeted therapy and potential treatments to offer further insights for improving MM management and outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple myeloma: signaling pathways and targeted therapy

Lu,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Mol Biomed

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“…Bone lesions, including lytic lesions and osteoporosis, are represented by the "B" in CRAB. If CRAB features are absent, having more than 60% of the cells in the bone marrow as plasma cells can be considered a symptom of MM [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Plasma Cell Percentage and Monoclonal Gammapathies with Biochemical Parameters in Multiple Myeloma Patients: A Retrospective Study

R Sindhu,

Das,

Padmanabhan

et al. 2023

Asian Pac J Cancer Care

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Background: Multiple myeloma is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow, leading to the production of non-functional intact immunoglobulin chains. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the correlation between plasma cell percentage (below 60% and above 60%) in different types of monoclonal gammapathies (IgA, IgG) and various biochemical parameters.Methods: This analysis was conducted at the Division of Biochemistry in the Malabar Cancer Centre, a tertiary care cancer center in Kerala, India. A total of 89 patient case reports were reviewed, and complete treatment data were available for 60 patients. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between plasma cell percentage (below 60% and above 60%) in different types of monoclonal gammapathies (IgA, IgG) and various biochemical parameters. Results: The majority of the patients enrolled in the study were above 60 years of age, and more men were included than women. Among the parameters studied, a significant increase in plasma protein level was observed in the group with a plasma cell percentage below 60% and IgG type monoclonal gammapathy (P value = 0.014, p < 0.05). Additionally, there was a significant elevation in WBC count in patients with plasma cell percentage below 60% and IgG type MM when compared to IgA type MM patients (p = 0.023, p < 0.05). However, no significant changes were observed in plasma protein level, liver enzyme activity, renal function, serum electrolytes, CBC, and calcium level between patients with plasma cell percentages above and below 60% in multiple myeloma. Conclusion: This study found that only a few biochemical and hematological parameters showed significant deviations between plasma cell percentages above and below 60% in different types of monoclonal gammapathies in multiple myeloma patients.

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Hypercalcaemia, Renal Dysfunction, Anaemia, Bone Disease (CRAB Criteria): A Case of Lymphoma

Cited by 2 publications

References 14 publications

Multiple myeloma: signaling pathways and targeted therapy

Multiple myeloma: signaling pathways and targeted therapy

Correlation of Plasma Cell Percentage and Monoclonal Gammapathies with Biochemical Parameters in Multiple Myeloma Patients: A Retrospective Study

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