Hypercapnia selectively attenuates the somato-sympathetic reflex

Makeham, John M.; Goodchild, Ann K.; Costin, N.S; Pilowsky, Paul M.

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2003.11.003

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Our results in this work demonstrated that not only sympatho-excitatory reflex as reported by Makeham et al [22] but also sympatho-inhibitory reflex induced by somatic afferent stimulation decreased during increased sympathetic tone induced by hypercapnia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Makeham et al [22] reported that the sympatho-excitatory reflex induced by hindlimb somatic afferent stimulation is inhibited during acutely increased splanchnic sympathetic tone induced by hypercapnia. Our results in this work demonstrated that not only sympatho-excitatory reflex as reported by Makeham et al [22] but also sympatho-inhibitory reflex induced by somatic afferent stimulation decreased during increased sympathetic tone induced by hypercapnia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sympatho-inhibitory response of the heart as a result of short-term acupuncture-like stimulation of the rat hindlimb is not augmented when sympathetic tone is high as a result of hypercapnia

et al. 2010

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympatho-inhibitory response of the heart as a result of short-term acupuncture-like stimulation of the rat hindlimb is not augmented when sympathetic tone is high as a result of hypercapnia

et al. 2010

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“…While the somatosympathetic reflex is abolished, the sympathetic baroreflex and the chemoreflex (ventilation with 100% nitrogen for 10 s) are completely unaffected. A similar selective reduction in the somatosympathetic reflex can be achieved with hypercarbia (Makeham et al 2004).…”

Section: Peptides In Cardiorespiratory Regulationmentioning

confidence: 73%

Differential regulation of the central neural cardiorespiratory system by metabotropic neurotransmitters

Pilowsky

Lung

Spirovski

et al. 2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Central neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord are essential for the maintenance of sympathetic tone, the integration of responses to the activation of reflexes and central commands, and the generation of an appropriate respiratory motor output. Here, we will discuss work that aims to understand the role that metabotropic neurotransmitter systems play in central cardiorespiratory mechanisms. It is well known that blockade of glutamatergic, gamma-aminobutyric acidergic and glycinergic pathways causes major or even complete disruption of cardiorespiratory systems, whereas antagonism of other neurotransmitter systems barely affects circulation or ventilation. Despite the lack of an 'all-or-none' role for metabotropic neurotransmitters, they are nevertheless significant in modulating the effects of central command and peripheral adaptive reflexes. Finally, we propose that a likely explanation for the plethora of neurotransmitters and their receptors on cardiorespiratory neurons is to enable differential regulation of outputs in response to reflex inputs, while at the same time maintaining a tonic level of sympathetic activity that supports those organs that significantly autoregulate their blood supply, such as the heart, brain, retina and kidney. Such an explanation of the data now available enables the generation of many new testable hypotheses.

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“…The peripheral chemoreflex was tested by ventilating the animal with 100% N 2 for 12 s [24]. Central chemoreceptors were stimulated by inducing hypercapnia by ventilating the animals with carbogen (5% CO 2 and 95% O 2 , 120 s) [25][26][27]. The somatosympathetic reflex was examined by measuring the SNA responses to intermittent electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve (1 mA, 0.6 ms duration, 50 sweeps of three pulse trains of 100 ms duration per second).…”

Section: Experimental Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of losartan on differential reflex control of sympathetic nerve activity in chronic kidney disease

Yao

Hildreth

Farnham³

et al. 2015

Journal of Hypertension

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Hypercapnia selectively attenuates the somato-sympathetic reflex

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Sympatho-inhibitory response of the heart as a result of short-term acupuncture-like stimulation of the rat hindlimb is not augmented when sympathetic tone is high as a result of hypercapnia

Sympatho-inhibitory response of the heart as a result of short-term acupuncture-like stimulation of the rat hindlimb is not augmented when sympathetic tone is high as a result of hypercapnia

Differential regulation of the central neural cardiorespiratory system by metabotropic neurotransmitters

The effect of losartan on differential reflex control of sympathetic nerve activity in chronic kidney disease

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