“Hyperfrontality” as Seen on FDG PET in Unmedicated Schizophrenia Patients With Positive Symptoms

Shinto, Ajit; Kamaleshwaran, Koramadai Karuppusamy; Srinivasan, Dilip; Paranthaman, S.; Selvaraj, Keerthi; Pranesh, M B; Lakshminarayanan, G; B, Prakash

doi:10.1097/rlu.0000000000000502

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This was also notably shown for the inferior temporal/fusiform gyrus in a study using a VBM procedure [23] as well as for the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in morphometric studies [28,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Age-related changes in FDG brain uptake are more accurately assessed when applying an adaptive template to the SPM method of voxel-based quantitative analysis

Gucht¹,

Verger

Guedj

et al. 2015

Ann Nucl Med

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Indeed, the impact of age on frontal and temporal glucose metabolism should be considered when analysing patients with possible frontal and/or temporal diseases, such as those with temporal lobe epilepsy [25], Alzheimer's disease [26], frontotemporal lobar degeneration [27] or schizophrenia [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related changes in FDG brain uptake are more accurately assessed when applying an adaptive template to the SPM method of voxel-based quantitative analysis

Gucht¹,

Verger

Guedj

et al. 2015

Ann Nucl Med

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“…The abnormality of limbic structure was not only connected with olfactory dysfunction [ 31 ] but also connected with negative symptomatology [ 32 ]. Furthermore, the orbitofrontal cortex to amygdala ratio presented sex dimorphism [ 33 ], and hyperfrontality and hypofrontality was correlated with positive and negative symptoms, respectively [ 34 , 35 ]. Collectively, these might provide another possible explanation for the sex difference presented regarding the relationship between olfactory impairment and symptomatology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory impairment in first-episode schizophrenia: a case-control study, and sex dimorphism in the relationship between olfactory impairment and psychotic symptoms

Chen

et al. 2018

BMC Psychiatry

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BackgroundA body of studies has focused on the olfactory impairment among people with schizophrenia. The effect of sex on this relationship has attracted the attention of researchers. These issues have not been studied much in Chinese schizophrenia patients.MethodsWe conducted a case-control study of 110 first-episode antipsychotic medicine naïve schizophrenia patients aged 18–35 years and 110 controls, matched by age and sex. Odour threshold, discrimination and identification were assessed by the “Sniffin’ Sticks” test. Psychotic symptoms were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).ResultsThe odour threshold, discrimination and identification scores of patients with schizophrenia were significantly lower than those of the healthy control group. The difference in identification score had statistical significance between male and female patients with schizophrenia (t = − 2.45, P < 0.05). Controlling for confounding factor, in male schizophrenia participants, the negative subscale score was significantly and inversely correlated with the discrimination (γ = − 0.37, p < 0.008), identification (γ = − 0.45, p < 0.008) and TDI (γ = − 0.50, p < 0.008) scores; the general psychopathology subscale score was inversely and significantly correlated with the identification (γ = − 0.47, p < 0.008) and TDI (γ = − 0.41, p < 0.008) scores. For female schizophrenia patients, positive and general psychopathology subscale scores had a significant inverse correlation with the identification score (positive: γ = − 0.47, p < 0.008; general psychopathology: γ = − 0.42, p < 0.008).ConclusionsControlling for confounder, negative symptoms were related to impaired odour discrimination and identification in male schizophrenia patients, while positive symptoms were correlated with impaired odour identification in female schizophrenia patients. This sex dimorphism could provide useful information for future studies aiming to finding biomarkers of schizophrenia.

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“…Table 1 summarizes sugar uptake defects in the CNS as measured by 18 FDG PET/CAT. Although not all CNS diseases are associated with diminished aerobic glycolysis, the data show that Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, depression and ageing all have CNS regions with diminished sugar utilization or diminished aerobic glycolysis early in the disease process 59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81.…”

Section: Can Central Nervous System Diseases Benefit From Increased Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of BCG‐induced metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis in autoimmune and nervous system diseases

Faustman

2020

J. Intern. Med.

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The most commonly used vaccine worldwide, bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG), appears to have the ability to restore blood sugar control in humans with early‐onset but long‐duration type 1 diabetes when a repeat vaccination strategy is used. This is a process that may be driven by a metabolic switch from overactive oxidative phosphorylation to accelerated aerobic glycolysis and a reset of the immune system. BCG is a live, attenuated strain of Mycobacteria bovis, a cousin of M. tuberculosis. Humans and Mycobacteria, which are found in the environment and in warm‐blooded hosts, share a long coevolutionary history. In recent times, humans have had fewer exposures to these and other microorganisms that historically helped shape the immune response. By ‘re‐introducing’ an attenuated form of Mycobacteria via BCG vaccination, humans might benefit from an immunological perspective, a concept supported by a growing body of data in autoimmunity and robust data on the nonspecific immune effects of BCG related to protection from diverse infections and early mortality. New findings of immune and metabolic defects in type 1 diabetes that can be corrected with repeat BCG vaccination suggest that this therapeutic strategy may be applicable in other diseases with inadequate aerobic glycolysis, including Parkinson’s disease, dementia, depression and other disorders affecting the nervous system.

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“Hyperfrontality” as Seen on FDG PET in Unmedicated Schizophrenia Patients With Positive Symptoms

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Age-related changes in FDG brain uptake are more accurately assessed when applying an adaptive template to the SPM method of voxel-based quantitative analysis

Age-related changes in FDG brain uptake are more accurately assessed when applying an adaptive template to the SPM method of voxel-based quantitative analysis

Olfactory impairment in first-episode schizophrenia: a case-control study, and sex dimorphism in the relationship between olfactory impairment and psychotic symptoms

Benefits of BCG‐induced metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis in autoimmune and nervous system diseases

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