Hyperkalemia in two patients with diabetes mallitus and chronic kidney disease. Role of disrupted internal potassium balance

Konstantinov, Nikifor K.; Sun, Yajing; Vigil, Darlene; Agaba, Emmanuel I; Servilla, Karen S.; Murata, Glenn H.; Tzamaloukas, Antonios H.

doi:10.7759/cureus.162

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Similarly, the damage to the kidney, as observed in diabetics, is characterised by distortions in electrolyte homeostasis, giving rise to increased metabolites excretion above normal thresholds 39 . The induced loss of serum Na + and K + levels during diabetes onset is majorly due to dehydration 40 . Diabetic ketoacidosis is also a condition that arises due to the inability to utilize glucose for energy production hence generating ketone bodies and elevating acidosis increasing serum Cl − while reducing HCO 3 − levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terminalia catappa reverses insulin resistance, improves glucose transport and activates PI3K/AKT signalling in high fat/ streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Iheagwam

Iheagwam²,

Onuoha

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Rising prevalence of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in sub-Saharan Africa has necessitated surveys of antidiabetic medicinal plants. This study assessed the antidiabetic mechanism of Terminalia catappa aqueous leaf extract (TCA) in high fat/low dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. T2DM was induced by a combination of high-fat diet (HFD) and low dose STZ (30 mg/kg bw) and the animals were administered with TCA (400 and 800 mg/kg bw) orally daily for 28 days. Biochemical parameters and indices for diabetes including renal function tests and pancreatic histology were evaluated. Relative expression of hepatic insulin resistance, signalling and glucose transport genes were also assessed. Induction of T2DM resulted in significant (p < 0.05) weight loss, dysregulated glucose level and clearance, electrolyte imbalance and disrupted diabetic biochemical parameters. Diabetes onset also perturbed β-cell function and insulin resistance indices, damaged pancreas microanatomy, while disrupting the expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT) and glucose transporter isoform 4 (GLUT-4) mRNA. Oral treatment of diabetic animals with TCA significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated alterations due to T2DM induction in a manner comparable with glibenclamide. These results suggest TCA exerts its antidiabetic action by reversing insulin resistance, improving glucose transport and activating PI3K/AKT signalling.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terminalia catappa reverses insulin resistance, improves glucose transport and activates PI3K/AKT signalling in high fat/ streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Iheagwam

Iheagwam²,

Onuoha

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…9,10 In diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperglycemia imposes glucose induced osmotic diuresis with resultant loss of body fluids and electrolytes. The failure of DM patients to conserve body fluids and electrolytes is often exacerbated by underlying renal dysfunction and certain orthodox medications used for the management of DM 11,12 which elicit alterations in electrolytes homeostasis. 6,13,14 In African and Asian traditional medicinal practices, extracts from Acanthus montanus, Emilia coccinea, Hibiscus rosa sinensis and Asystasia gangetica are used for the alleviation of several pathologic conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Na+/K+ and Cl- Levels of Hyperglycemic Rats Administered with Traditional Herbal Formulations

Ojiako¹,

Chikezie²

2015

Phcog Commn.

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Background/Aim: The present study investigated alterations in blood Na + /K + and Cl -levels of alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats (HyGR) administered with single and combinatorial herbal formulations of leaf extracts of Acanthus montanus, Emilia coccinea, Hibiscus rosa sinensis and Asystasia gangetica. Materials and Methods: Serum electrolytes concentrations were measured using the ion selective electrode analyzer. Results: Serum Na + concentration (SNC) of the untreated HyGR (DIAB group) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of the normal control rats (NORM group).However, HyGR administered with single herbal formulations (SHf) exhibited relatively higher SNC than that of the DIAB group (p< 0.05), which was within the range of 133.3±13.6 mMol/L-138.2±15.3 mMol/L; DIAB [Na+] =127.8±12.4 mMol/L. Serum K + concentration (SKC) of the NORM group was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the DIAB group. Serum Cl -concentration (SCC) of the DIAB group was not significantly different (p>0.05) from those treated with SHf. Also, SCC of HyGR treated with triple herbal formulations (THf) was not significantly different (p>0.05) from HyGR treated with double herbal formulations (DHf), THf and quadruple herbal formulation (QHf). SNC exhibited a strong positive correlation with SCC (r=0.703231543). Conversely, SNC versus SKC (r=0.386096385) and SKC versus SCC (r=0.454718488) gave weak positive correlations. Conclusion:The present study showed that the various herbal formulations, in the present form, exhibited varied limited capabilities but substantial potentials to reversing altered blood electrolytes levels of HyGR within the 30-day treatment. Furthermore, definitive blood Na + /K + and Cl -levels could be of diagnostic relevance in the course of management and treatment of DM.

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Dialysis-associated hyperglycemia: manifestations and treatment

et al. 2020

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Hyperkalemia in two patients with diabetes mallitus and chronic kidney disease. Role of disrupted internal potassium balance

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Terminalia catappa reverses insulin resistance, improves glucose transport and activates PI3K/AKT signalling in high fat/ streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Terminalia catappa reverses insulin resistance, improves glucose transport and activates PI3K/AKT signalling in high fat/ streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Blood Na+/K+ and Cl- Levels of Hyperglycemic Rats Administered with Traditional Herbal Formulations

Dialysis-associated hyperglycemia: manifestations and treatment

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