Hyperlipidemia and Statins Affect Neurological Outcome in Lumbar Spine Injury

Chung, Wu Fu; Liu, Shih Wei; Chang, Po-Ya; Lin, Feng Shu; Chen, Li Fu; Wu, Jau Ching; Chen, Yi Chun; Huang, Wen Cheng; Cheng, Henrich; Lo, Su Shun

doi:10.3390/ijerph120100402

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Furthermore, spinal cord of offspring of atorvastatin showed a moderate degree of amelioration, except a slight accumulation of heterochromatin within neuronal cells. Similar findings were reported by Chung et al [20] in patients with disability of the lumbar spinal cord and received low dose statin drug treatment. Also, the observed damage demyelination and neuronal cell death reflected by upregulation of 8-doxyhydroxyguanosine, caspase 3, caspase 7 and increase of single strand DNA damage in neonates of hypercholesterolemic mother.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Experimental rats subjected for atorvastatin-treatment (10 mg/kg b. wt, OA) revealed improvement of brain cholesterol synthesis [17], decrease apoptosis and improve and locomotion after spinal cord injury [18,19]. Hyperlipidemic patients possessed a neurological disability of the lumbar spinal cord and improved only after low dose statin drug treatment [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Pomegranate Juice and Atorvastatin in Ameliorating Spinal Neurotoxicity of Wistar Rats Maternally Fed on Hypercholesterolemic Diet

El‐Sayyad¹,

Amin²,

El-Ghawet³

et al. 2016

J Mol Biomark Diagn

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Background:The contribution of high dietary cholesterol to encephalomyelitis and retinal diseases give more attention to overcome its neurotoxicity. These led physician and scientists of using anti-lepidemic statin drugs, however their long-term treatment may develop complication. Today many views recommended supplements of natural products especially fruit to get demand of needed antioxidant to scavenge bad free radicals liberated from inflammation. Pomegranate juice supplementation is used in the present study in combination with atorvastatin drug hoping to give synergistic effects and improve neurotoxicity.Material and methods: Eighty pregnant Wistar albino rats weighing 180 g to 200 g body weight were used. They were arranged into eight groups (n=8) such as control, atorvastatin (1 mg/kg), pomegranate (0.5 ml 50%/ rat), atorvastatin and pomegranate, hyper ccholesterolemic group (3% cholesterol diet for 6 weeks before onset of gestation), hypercholesterolemia and atorvastatin and/or pomegranate. All treatments were maintained throughout gestation and lactation period till 2 and 3 week-old. Offspring were sacrificed by diethyl ether and their cervical spinal cord were dissected and separated. The spinal cord was subjected for histological and transmission electron microscopical investigations, biochemical assays of neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin and γ-Aminobutyric acid), vascular endothelial growth factors, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, caspase 3 and caspase 7 as well as comet assay). Results:The present findings revealed massive cell death and necrosis within ependymal canal as well as pyknosis and edematous lesions of neuronal cells in offspring of hypercholesterolemic mothers. At ultrastructural level, there is a detected demyelination and vacuolar degeneration of myelinated axons. Many of sensory and motor neuronal cells exhibited compacted chromatin materials of their nuclei. These were associated with depletion of assayed neurotransmitters (DA and 5-HT), overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factors, caspases 3 and 7 and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine. Stretched DNA damage (comet assay) with obvious head and tail region was detected in neuronal cells of offspring of hypercholesterolemic mothers and decreased post-pomegranatesupplementation. Atorvastatin and pomegranate supplementation exhibited apparent improvement comparing with single atorvastatin or pomegranate manifesting highly synergistic effects. Conclusion:Feeding pregnant on hypercholesterolemic diet induced spinal cord injury of their offspring and these can be improved by pomegranate juice supplementation in combination with atorvastatin-treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Pomegranate Juice and Atorvastatin in Ameliorating Spinal Neurotoxicity of Wistar Rats Maternally Fed on Hypercholesterolemic Diet

El‐Sayyad¹,

Amin²,

El-Ghawet³

et al. 2016

J Mol Biomark Diagn

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“…Previous study found the cucumber has a greater impact on hyperlipidemia. One glass of cucumber juice (125 ml) for the period of 4 months was statistically (P< 0.05) significant in decreasing the TC, LDL and TG experimental group 10 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the previous studies evaluated the nano particles of almond in hyperlipidemia in human. Supplementation of 2 g of almond nano paste (almonds were fabricated into nano particles and also grounded to form almond paste) for a period of two months brought reduction in lipid profile of hyperlipidemic subjects [10][11] . In a non pharmacological study, participants were given flaxseed powder 15 g and 20 g for two groups respectively for 60 days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

IJPSR

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Background: Woman's risk for developing heart disease rises after menopause may possibly correlated with the striking increase in cholesterol levels. Objective: A randomized controlled cluster group single blind study was conducted by treating with dried curry leaf powder and cucumber slices in hyperlipidemic post menopausal women in rural area. Methods: Menopausal healthy women of rural communities (n =40; 45-65 years of age) with hyperlipidemia who were on with or without hypolipidemic drug were treated with dried curry leaf powder (5 g) adding in main side dish during lunch. Similarly another forty who were on with or without hypolipidemic drug were given100-125g cucumber slices before lunch for 45 consecutive days. A group of forty women with or without hypolipidemic drug was kept as the control. The demographic variables were collected using questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were collected before and after the intervention and lipid profile. Results: Among the total 120 subjects recruited, most of them (46.66%) had total cholesterol (TC) 200-239 mg/dl and 26.66% had high cholesterol. The low density cholesterol (LDL-C) (60%) was 100-150 or borderline high and 36.66% had above 150 mg/dl. When the pre test and post test values were compared, the cucumber, and curry leaf were significantly (<0.001) effective to lower the TC level. Both curry leaf and cucumber slices lowered hyperlipidemia in post menopausal women with drug and without drug. Conclusion: Curry leaf and cucumber were effective in improving HDL-C and lowering of TC, LDL-C and triglyceride levels in post menopausal women with hyperlipidemia.

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“…reported that hyperlipidemia adversely affects the recovery of neurological function in patients with SCI. Therefore, theoretically, statins may reverse neurological disability in patients with SCI ( 121 ). However, in 2017, the only clinical trial investigating the efficacy of atorvastatin in patients with acute SCI found no significant improvement at the 3- and 6-month follow-up in patients receiving the drug ( 122 ).…”

Section: Potential Pharmaceutical Immunotherapeutic Drugs For Spinal ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of immune cells and associated immunological factors in the immune response to spinal cord injury

Tang¹,

Gu²,

Jiang³

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological condition prevalent worldwide. Where the pathological mechanisms underlying SCI are concerned, we can distinguish between primary injury caused by initial mechanical damage and secondary injury characterized by a series of biological responses, such as vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter toxicity, lipid peroxidation, and immune-inflammatory response. Secondary injury causes further tissue loss and dysfunction, and the immune response appears to be the key molecular mechanism affecting injured tissue regeneration and functional recovery from SCI. Immune response after SCI involves the activation of different immune cells and the production of immunity-associated chemicals. With the development of new biological technologies, such as transcriptomics, the heterogeneity of immune cells and chemicals can be classified with greater precision. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of the heterogeneity of these immune components and the roles they play in SCI, including reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation, neutrophil migration, macrophage transformation, resident microglia activation and proliferation, and the humoral immunity mediated by T and B cells. We also summarize findings from clinical trials of immunomodulatory therapies for SCI and briefly review promising therapeutic drugs currently being researched.

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Hyperlipidemia and Statins Affect Neurological Outcome in Lumbar Spine Injury

Cited by 6 publications

References 26 publications

Role of Pomegranate Juice and Atorvastatin in Ameliorating Spinal Neurotoxicity of Wistar Rats Maternally Fed on Hypercholesterolemic Diet

Role of Pomegranate Juice and Atorvastatin in Ameliorating Spinal Neurotoxicity of Wistar Rats Maternally Fed on Hypercholesterolemic Diet

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The role of immune cells and associated immunological factors in the immune response to spinal cord injury

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