Hyperspectral Ophthalmoscope Images for the Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy Stage

Abstract

A methodology that applies hyperspectral imaging (HSI) on ophthalmoscope images to identify diabetic retinopathy (DR) stage is demonstrated. First, an algorithm for HSI image analysis is applied to the average reflectance spectra of simulated arteries and veins in ophthalmoscope images. Second, the average simulated spectra are categorized by using a principal component analysis (PCA) score plot. Third, Beer-Lambert law is applied to calculate vessel oxygen saturation in the ophthalmoscope images, and oxygenation maps are obtained. The average reflectance spectra and PCA results indicate that average reflectance changes with the deterioration of DR. The G-channel gradually decreases because of vascular disease, whereas the R-channel gradually increases with oxygen saturation in the vessels. As DR deteriorates, the oxygen utilization of retinal tissues gradually decreases, and thus oxygen saturation in the veins gradually increases. The sensitivity of diagnosis is based on the severity of retinopathy due to diabetes. Normal, background DR (BDR), pre-proliferative DR (PPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR) are arranged in order of 90.00%, 81.13%, 87.75%, and 93.75%, respectively; the accuracy is 90%, 86%, 86%, 90%, respectively. The F1-scores are 90% (Normal), 83.49% (BDR), 86.86% (PPDR), and 91.83% (PDR), and the accuracy rates are 95%, 91.5%, 93.5%, and 96%, respectively.

In Vivo Dual-Modal Photoacoustic and Ultrasound Imaging of Sentinel Lymph Nodes Using a Solid-State Dye Laser System

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“…In addition, we placed a 2.2-cm layer of chicken breast tissue anterior to the rat skin surface to evaluate the SLN imaging capability in deep tissues. We acquired multispectral images of an SLN at 532-, 650-, and 1064-nm wavelengths by manually switching the laser handpiece to show optically differentiated structures such as blood vessels, MB-dyed lymph vessels, and MB-dyed SLN [ 38 ]. These results confirmed the capability of the SD-PAUSI system as a potential imaging tool for PA SLN imaging.…”

A novel medication decision gene signature predicts response to individualized therapy and prognosis outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma patients

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Recent Advances in Counterfeit Art, Document, Photo, Hologram, and Currency Detection Using Hyperspectral Imaging

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