Hypertension testing among high school students—I

Reichman, Lee B.; Cooper, Barbara M.; Blumenthal, Sidney; Block, Gloria; O’Hare, Dermot; Chaves, Aaron D.; Alderman, Michael H.; Deming, Quentin B.; Farber, Saul J.; Thomson, George

doi:10.1016/0021-9681(75)90004-1

Cited by 38 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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P ersistent hypertension is observed in 1% to 2% of the pediatric population. [1][2][3][4][5] In children younger than 10 years of age, secondary causes of hypertension, including renal and renovascular disease, are commonly observed. 6,7 During adolescence, the prevalence of primary hypertension increases dramatically.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Dose‐Response Study of the Effectiveness and Safety of Enalapril for Children with Hypertension

Wells

Frame

Soffer

et al. 2002

The Journal of Clinical Pharma

139

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Despite widespread use to treat childhood hypertension, enalapril has never been studied systematically to determine effectiveness, dose response, and safety in a pediatric population. This study was conducted prospectively in 110 hypertensive children ages 6 to 16 years in two sequential phases. The primary outcome variable for both phases of the study was trough (24-h postdose) sitting diastolic blood pressure. The primary objective of the first phase of the study was to determine whether enalapril lowered blood pressure in children in a dose-dependent manner. During a 2-week, double-blind, randomized, dose-response period, patients were stratified by weight (< 50 kg or > or = 50 kg), then assigned to one of three dosing groups: low(0.625 or 1.25 mg), middle (2.5 or 5 mg), or high dose (20 or 40 mg). Reduction in blood pressure was examined as a function of dose ratio (1:4:32) and on a weight-adjusted basis. On completion of the dose-response phase of the study, patients entered a 2-week, double-blind, randomized withdrawal to either enalapril or placebo. Antihypertensive effectiveness, defined as the difference in sitting diastolic blood pressure between the placebo and enalapril groups, was determined. Adverse events were carefully recorded throughout the study. The dose-response relationship for enalapril had a negative slope and was linear over the chosen dosing range, suggesting that larger doses of enalapril were associated with a greater reduction in blood pressure. Randomized withdrawal to active drug orplacebo confirmed the antihypertensive effectiveness of enalapril in the middle- and high-dose groups. The antihypertensive effect of enalapril was maintained across age, gender, race, and Tanner stage. Enalapril appears to be an effective and generally well-tolerated antihypertensive agent in children ages 6 to 16 years. An initial dose of 2.5 mg in children weighing < 50 kg and 5 mg in children weighing > 50 kg (mean = 0.08 mg/kg) administered once daily effectively lowered blood pressure within 2 weeks in most patients. Blood pressure was reduced in a dose-dependent fashion, with larger doses resulting in a greater reduction.

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confidence: 99%

A Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Dose‐Response Study of the Effectiveness and Safety of Enalapril for Children with Hypertension

Wells

Frame

Soffer

et al. 2002

The Journal of Clinical Pharma

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Vários autores têm assinalado a dificuldade de definir a influência da cor negra e nesta cor a influência do sexo e idade sobre os níveis da PA e prevalência da hipertensão, quando são comparados os resultados de pesquisas levadas a efeito em locais com características epidemiológicas e sócio-econômicas diferentes 5,13,18 . Levandose em conta que, entre 1975 e 1976, não ocorreram em Botucatu surtos migratórios, de transformação econômica ou social ou outros fatores que pudessem ter influído nas características epidemiológicas da população, as disparidades dos resultados de 1975 e 1976 devem ser devidas à exiguidade da parcela negra e amarela da população.…”

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Estudo comparativo da pressão arterial e da prevalência de hipertensão arterial em duas coortes sucessivas (1975-1976) de estudantes de 16 a 25 anos, Botucatu, SP, Brasil

et al. 1978

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Com o objetivo de determinar os níveis de pressão arterial e a prevalência de hipertensão arterial em uma população jovem, foram realizados pesquisas em dois anos sucessivos em 1.288 e 736 estudantes de Botucatu, SP (Brasil) tendo sido comparados os resultados obtidos. As médias das pressões sistólicas da população estudada e dos dois grupos etários desta população (16 a 20 anos e 21 a 25 anos) foram idênticas em ambos os anos, tendo as médias das pressões diastólicas diferido de no máximo 2 mmHg; as médias, tanto sistólicas quanto diastólicas, dos dois sexos e da parcela branca da população estudada quanto à idade e sexo também diferiram de no máximo 2 mmHg. As médias da população estudada e sua parcela branca, em ambos os anos, foram superiores no sexo masculino e no grupo etário de 21 a 25 anos. Na população negra e amarela houve disparidade de resultados entre 1975 e 1976, indicando influência da exiguidade do tamanho dos contigentes negro e amarelo desta população. A prevalência de hipertensão arterial (pressão sistólica igual ou maior que 140 mmHg e diastólica igual ou maior que 90 mmHg) foi de 5,04% em 1975 e 6,22% em 1976, tendo sido em ambos os anos maior no sexo masculino do que no feminino e no grupo de 21 a 25 do que no de 16 a 20 anos.

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“…S ystemic hypertension occurs in an estimated 1% to 2% of the pediatric population, [1][2][3][4][5] and the prevalence is increasing because of the epidemic of childhood obesity and insulin resistance. 6 -7 Thus, there is a growing need for data on antihypertensive medications in children.…”

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confidence: 99%

Is the Extrapolated Adult Dose of Fosinopril Safe and Effective in Treating Hypertensive Children?

Berezny

Kilaru

et al. 2004

Hypertension

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Abstract-We evaluated the efficacy, safety, and dose-response relationship of fosinopril in children aged 6 to 16 years with hypertension or high-normal blood pressure with an associated medical condition requiring treatment. The study was a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in 78 clinical sites in the United States, Russia, and Israel. There were 4 phases: a screening phase of 10 days maximum, a 4-week dose-response phase, a placebo withdrawal phase of 2 weeks maximum, and a 52-week open-label safety phase. The primary objective of the dose-response phase was to determine whether low (0.1 mg/kg), medium (0.3 mg/kg), or high (0.6 mg/kg) doses of fosinopril based on established adult dosing affect trough seated systolic blood pressure. During the dose-response phase, all 3 doses were equally effective in lowering systolic blood pressure. During the placebo withdrawal phase, there was an adjusted mean systolic blood pressure increase of 5.2 mm Hg for the placebo group and 1.5 mm Hg for the fosinopril group, a net withdrawal effect of 3.7 mm Hg (Pϭ0.013). Fosinopril was well tolerated; serious adverse events occurred infrequently and were generally not attributed to fosinopril. Because children appear to be more sensitive to lower doses of fosinopril than adults, starting doses for children should be Յ0.1 mg/kg.

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Hypertension testing among high school students—I

Cited by 38 publications

References 4 publications

A Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Dose‐Response Study of the Effectiveness and Safety of Enalapril for Children with Hypertension

A Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Dose‐Response Study of the Effectiveness and Safety of Enalapril for Children with Hypertension

Estudo comparativo da pressão arterial e da prevalência de hipertensão arterial em duas coortes sucessivas (1975-1976) de estudantes de 16 a 25 anos, Botucatu, SP, Brasil

Is the Extrapolated Adult Dose of Fosinopril Safe and Effective in Treating Hypertensive Children?

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