Hyponatremia and lower normal serum sodium levels are associated with an increased risk of all‐cause death in heart failure patients

Abstract

Aim To explore the relationship between the serum sodium level on admission and all‐cause mortality in HF patients. Design A single‐center retrospective cohort study. Methods Patients hospitalized with HF at the Heart Failure Center, Fuwai Hospital, from November 2008 to November 2018 were enrolled. Results A total of 3649 patients were included, and the mean sodium level was 137.19 ± 4.36 mmol/L, with a range from 115.6 to 160.9 mmol/L. During a median follow‐up of 1101 days, mortality occurred in 1413 (38.7%) hospital survivors. After adjustment for age, sex, and other potential confounders, patients with sodium levels <135 mmol/L (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–2.16) and 135–137 mmol/L (HR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.01–1.78) had an increased risk of all‐cause mortality compared to those with sodium levels of 139–141 mmol/L.