Hypophosphatemic Rickets

Abstract

Hypophosphatemic rickets is a rare, renal phosphate wasting disorder that presents various skeletal deformities. Although there are specific clinical presentations and biochemical findings used to identify hypophosphatemic rickets, there are various underlying renal phosphate wasting disorders that can lead to hypophosphatemic rickets making diagnosis extremely difficult. A targeted literature review through electronic search engines (e.g., BMC, PubMed, Google Scholar) was conducted to: 1) consolidate and summarize currently available data regarding the various renal phosphate wasting disorders, 2) identify current obstacles of successful diagnosis and treatment, and 3) propose directions for future hypophosphatemic rickets research into new biomarkers.

Characterization of Lipid–Protein Interactions and Lipid-Mediated Modulation of Membrane Protein Function through Molecular Simulation

“…315 In pentameric ligand-gated ion channels such as nAChR 752,759,760 and GABAAR, 761 cholesterol molecules have been found to bind preferentially to the non-annular sites located at the inter-subunit interfaces. Similar nonannular cholesterol sites have been confirmed by various simulation techniques as well as free energy calculations in ABC transporters, including Pgp 339,762 and ABCG1. 753 Likewise, conserved cholesterol interaction sites have been uncovered in neurotransmitter sodium symporters (NSSs).…”

Behavior of the Hairy‐Neck Character in Wheat‐Rye Hybrids1

“…The results of other workers ( 4,6,8) suggest that the plants of the parental lines do not possess a pair of rye chromosomes in addition to the normal wheat complement. This mechanism should not be ruled out, however, because it is possible that the rye chromosome producing hairy neck may affect different strains of wheat to different degrees.…”

“…In comparisons of hairyneck with smooth-neck F 2 and Fa plants, the plants with hairy neck were significantly shorter. O'Mara ( 4,6) has reported that wheat plants monosomic or disomic for the hairy-neck rye chromosome were shorter than those of normal wheat. Oehler (7) also found that pubescent plants had shorter culms than non-pubescent individuals.…”

“…O'Mara (6) observed that the percentages of fertile florets in wheat plants monosomic, disomic and trisomic for the hairy-neck chromosome were 98, 86 and 53, respectively. It has been suggested that only one of the rye chromosomes carries the gene or genes for hairy neck ( 4,6).…”

Monosomic Analysis of Leaf Rust Reaction, Awnedness, Winter Injury and Seed Color in Pawnee Wheat1

“…According to Sears, as reported by Shebeski and Wu ( 20), Red Egyptian has a factor for resistance to races 17 and 56 of stem rust on chromosome XX and another factor for resistance to stem rust races 38, 56, and 138 on chromosome VI. O'Mara ( 12) reported that Marquis wheat carries a strong awn…”