Hypoplastic posterior mitral valve leaflet: A case report and review of the literature

Abstract

Hypoplasia of the mitral leaflets is rarely reported in adults. We reported a 45-year-old man presented to us with palpitation, dyspnea, and severe mitral regurgitation. In echocardiographic examination, an immobile hypoplastic posterior mitral leaflet (PML) was detected. A review of clinical and echocardiographic findings of all reported cases revealed that mitral regurgitation was the most common finding associated with PML hypoplasia/uni-leaflet mitral valve. PML hypoplasia is rare and often an incidental diagnosis during echocardiography, which could be relatively well tolerated since adulthood and carries a good prognosis.

Hypoplasia of the posterior mitral leaflet diagnosed in adulthood

“…A recent literature review found that a total of 21 adult cases of PMVL hypoplasia ( n = 12) and ULMV ( n = 9) have been described. In one-third of these cases, the patients were completely asymptomatic and the pathology was an incidental finding on routine, screening echocardiography, as was seen in this case 3 …”

Surgical Repair of a Unileaflet Mitral Valve: A Rare Congenital Abnormality and a Novel Surgical Approach

“…All other cases are sporadic, with male and female individuals equally affected. 3 To the best of our knowledge, this case remains the single documented report of successful repair of ULMV in a symptomatic adult with subsequent documented follow-up at 24 months. MV repair is the preferred surgical procedure for MR and is currently the most commonly performed procedure for MR in North America.…”

“…Clinically significant congenital MV lesions are rare, and in particular, ULMV is the rarest of these congenital anomalies, with only 21 previously reported cases. 3 Congenital mitral stenosis, mitral atresia, accessory valvular tissue, and cleft MV are much more commonly reported. 2,4 Complete absence of the MV is usually considered to be incompatible with life past the neonatal period and associated with severe MR.…”

Clinical and morphological features of malformations of the mitral valve complex

“…Гипоплазия задней створки МК, выявленная в более позднем возрасте, описана у 45-летнего мужчины и 69-летней женщины с недавно возникшей одышкой и тяжелой митральной регургитацией. Результаты двух-и трехмерной чреспищеводной ЭхоКГ показали у одного и второго пациента выраженную гипоплазию задней створки МК, подтвержденную у обоих пациентов при оперативном лечении [14].…”