Hypothalamic tanycytes: potential roles in the control of feeding and energy balance

Bolborea, Matei; Dale, Nicholas

doi:10.1016/j.tins.2012.12.008

Cited by 253 publications

(277 citation statements)

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“…These findings indicate, instead, that tanycyte subsets are functionally distinct in terms of NSC potential, and that a2 and b2 subsets respond to different stimuli. Previous studies show that different tanycyte subsets exhibit different functions 5 , and the notion that a2 and b2 subsets could be functionally distinct NSCs may explain why compromised function of each results in very different effects on body weight in response to high-fat diet 7,13,22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies have raised the possibility that the adult hypothalamus contains NSCs in a niche near the third ventricle. However, tanycytes, ependymocytes, subventricular astrocytes and parenchymal glial cells all reside near the third ventricle, and each is a potential adult stem and progenitor cell candidate 2,[5][6][7][8][11][12][13] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypothalamic tanycytes resemble embryonic radial glia, with a cell body at the ventricular zone and a long basally extending process, their morphology well-suited to their postulated role as modulators of neuroendocrine activity and homeostasis (reviewed in [13][14][15][16] ). Within the hypothalamus, tanycyte cell bodies are strictly localised to the central and posterior hypothalamus (level of the median eminence and premammillary nucleus, respectively).…”

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confidence: 99%

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α-Tanycytes of the adult hypothalamic third ventricle include distinct populations of FGF-responsive neural progenitors

et al. 2013

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Emerging evidence suggests that new cells, including neurons, can be generated within the adult hypothalamus, suggesting the existence of a local neural stem/progenitor cell niche. Here, we identify a-tanycytes as key components of a hypothalamic niche in the adult mouse. Long-term lineage tracing in vivo using a GLAST::CreER T2 conditional driver indicates that a-tanycytes are self-renewing cells that constitutively give rise to new tanycytes, astrocytes and sparse numbers of neurons. In vitro studies demonstrate that a-tanycytes, but not b-tanycytes or parenchymal cells, are neurospherogenic. Distinct subpopulations of a-tanycytes exist, amongst which only GFAP-positive dorsal a2-tanycytes possess stem-like neurospherogenic activity. Fgf-10 and Fgf-18 are expressed specifically within ventral tanycyte subpopulations; a-tanycytes require fibroblast growth factor signalling to maintain their proliferation ex vivo and elevated fibroblast growth factor levels lead to enhanced proliferation of a-tanycytes in vivo. Our results suggest that a-tanycytes form the critical component of a hypothalamic stem cell niche, and that local fibroblast growth factor signalling governs their proliferation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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α-Tanycytes of the adult hypothalamic third ventricle include distinct populations of FGF-responsive neural progenitors

et al. 2013

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“…Within the ME, special glial cells, the tanycytes, regulate neurohormone secretion at the axon termini levels (Prevot et al 2010). These also integrate peripheral information by, for example, sensing glucose concentration and responding to thyroid hormone (Bolborea and Dale 2013;Ebling 2015). Moreover, and importantly, at least a proportion of tanycytes have been shown to comprise hypothalamic stem cells (see below).…”

Section: Hypothalamusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective on Stem Cells in Developmental Biology, with Special Reference to Neuroendocrine Systems

Rizzoti

Pires

Lovell‐Badge

2016

Stem Cells in Neuroendocrinology

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In the embryo, organs gradually take shape as tissue progenitors, proliferate, differentiate and are organised, via cellular interactions, in tri-dimensional functional structures. Most adult organs retain a cell population sharing important similarities with embryonic progenitors, which includes the ability to both selfrenew and to differentiate into the full range of the specialised cell types corresponding to the organ in which they reside. These two essential properties define them as adult stem cells (AdSC). Their characterization in different contexts provides a better understanding of cell turnover modalities for organ function, which is important for tumorigenesis, because adult tissue stem cells can give rise to cancer stem cells. However, it is also relevant to regenerative medicine, because stem cells can be transplanted or manipulated in vivo to restore missing cells. The successful reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) (Takahashi and Yamanaka, Cell 126:663-676, 2006), resembling pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESC), opened alternative strategies for cell replacement. The required cell type can be differentiated in vitro from expandable progenitors and transplanted where required. This approach is particularly promising, because genetic defects can potentially be repaired in vitro prior to their engraftment; moreover, a large number of cells can be produced (Fox et al., Science 345:1247391, 2014). However, the transplanted cells have to be able to functionally integrate into the deficient organ. To potentially alleviate this problem, tri-dimensional culture systems have been recently developed where mini-organs, or organoids, can be obtained in vitro. These also represent unique models for disease modelling and drug screening (Huch and Koo, Development 142:3113-3125, 2015). Within neuroendocrine systems, the hypothalamo-pituitary axis has a crucial role for body homeostasis. It also regulates functions such as growth, reproduction, stress and, more generally, metabolism. The hypothalamus centralizes information from the periphery and other brain regions to regulate pituitary hormone secretions and to control appetite, sleep and aging. Its functions are exerted through secretion of neurohormones and manipulation of these could be of interest not only for the treatment of obesity and sleep disorders but also to alleviate aging-related conditions. Pituitary hormone deficiencies can originate from defects affecting the hypothalamus, pituitary, or both. Today these deficiencies are treated by substitution or replacement therapies, which are costly and have side effects. AdSC have recently been characterized in the hypothalamus and pituitary (Castinetti et al., Endocr Rev 32:453-471, 2011; Bolborea and Dale, Trends Neurosci 36:91-100, 2013). Moreover, hypothalamic neurons and pituitary endocrine cells have been differentiated in vitro from ESC and iPSC and successfully transplanted. These promising routes for development of regenerative medicine to restore ...

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“…The ME, for instance, lies outside the blood-brain barrier; it is thus exposed to higher effective concentrations of circulating dietary and hormonal cues than the hypothalamic parenchyma (Fry et al 2007;Langlet et al 2013b). In contrast, all tanycyte subtypes directly contact the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and can potentially respond to intracerebral ventricular signals (Bennett et al 2009;Bolborea and Dale 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Body Weight and Metabolism by Tanycyte-Derived Neurogenesis in Young Adult Mice

Blackshaw

Lee

Pak

et al. 2016

Research and Perspectives in Endocrine Interactions

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The hypothalamus controls many homeostatic and instinctive physiological processes, including the sleep-wake cycle, food intake, and sexually dimorphic behaviors. These behaviors are regulated by environmental and physiological cues, although the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie these effects are still poorly understood. Recently, it has become clear that both the juvenile and adult hypothalamus exhibit neurogenesis, which modifies homeostatic neural circuitry. In this manuscript, we report data addressing the role of sex-specific and dietary factors in controlling neurogenesis in the mediobasal hypothalamus. We report that a high fat diet (HFD) activates neurogenesis in the median eminence (ME) of young adult female, but not male mice, and that focal irradiation of the ME in HFD-fed mice reduces weight gain in females, but not males. These results suggest that some physiological effects of HFD are mediated by sexually dimorphic neurogenesis in the ME. We present these findings in the context of other studies on

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Hypothalamic tanycytes: potential roles in the control of feeding and energy balance

Cited by 253 publications

References 68 publications

α-Tanycytes of the adult hypothalamic third ventricle include distinct populations of FGF-responsive neural progenitors

α-Tanycytes of the adult hypothalamic third ventricle include distinct populations of FGF-responsive neural progenitors

Perspective on Stem Cells in Developmental Biology, with Special Reference to Neuroendocrine Systems

Regulation of Body Weight and Metabolism by Tanycyte-Derived Neurogenesis in Young Adult Mice

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