Hypoxia tolerance and metabolic coping strategies in Oreochromis niloticus

Bergstedt, Julie Hansen; Pfalzgraff, Tilo; Skov, Peter Vilhelm

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110956

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A hypoxic environment thus becomes a significant stressor, so fish trigger stress responses, with the adrenergic responses, increase in respiration rates, and gill ventilation being the first reaction (Hou et al, 2020;Bergstedt et al, 2021). Nevertheless, some fish may use other strategies associated to behavior such as remaining quiet to decrease their metabolic rate or moving upward to the water surface and using transient air breathing (Chapman and McKenzie, 2009;Bowyer et al, 2014;Obirikorang et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase in plasma lactate indicates the switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism, leading to an accumulation of lactate and protons (Wang and Richards, 2011). This generates an oxygen deficit; since during the recovery period, oxygen is needed for the oxidation of anaerobic metabolites and energy Frontiers in Physiology frontiersin.org 08 store refilling (Bergstedt et al, 2021). In this sense, a lower oxygen deficit is related with a higher hypoxia tolerance (Svendsen et al, 2012;Genz et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stressful factors, like hypoxia, could contribute to the rise of ROS production (Lushchak, 2011;Pascoli et al, 2011;Rahal et al, 2014), as well as the reoxygenation after hypoxia (recovery period) (Bergstedt et al, 2021). Cells have enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants to prevent oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids avoiding cell death (Halliwell and Gutteridge, 2015;Pinedo-Gil et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the absence of a significant catalase transcript level regulation suggests that, despite time and low DO, rainbow trout did not have problems to deal with oxidative stress at the interrenal level. However, in the skin, the antioxidant transcript levels were quickly upregulated (1 h after recovery) for sod2, catalase, and gpx, suggesting that this tissue needs to avoid and/or repair cellular damage caused by ROS arising from reoxygenation, since the skin is in direct contact with water (Bergstedt et al, 2021). Previous studies also found an increase in the SOD activity in the fish liver and intestine after hypoxia-reoxygenation (Lushchak et al, 2005;Lushchak and Bagnyukova, 2007;Sun Y. et al, 2020;Li et al, 2020) and an increment in antioxidant gene expression in the channel catfish skin after Aeromonas hydrophila infection (Li et al, 2013), suggesting its possible involvement in defense against pathogens or in skin wound repair (Espinosa-Ruíz and Esteban, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rainbow trout integrated response after recovery from short-term acute hypoxia

2022

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Overcoming a stress situation, such as hypoxia episodes, which involve an allostatic load, will depend on the ability of fish to modulate physiological and biochemical systems to maintain homeostasis. The aim of the study was to determine the integrated stress response after acute hypoxia of the rainbow trout considering the different elements and areas of the stress response: systemic and mucosal, local and global, and from the systemic hypothalamic–pituitary–interrenal axis to skin mucosa. For this purpose, trout were subjected to acute hypoxia (dissolved O2 down to 2 mg/L) for 1 h and then recovered and sampled at 1, 6, and 24 h after reoxygenation. Physiological responses were significantly affected by hypoxic stress and their interaction with time after the challenge, being significant for plasma lactate and cortisol levels, in both plasma and skin mucus. At the central brain level, only trh expression was modulated 1 h after hypoxia which indicates that brain function is not heavily affected by this particular stress. Unlike the brain, the head kidney and skin were more affected by hypoxia and reoxygenation. In the head kidney, an upregulation in the expression of most of the genes studied (gr, il1β, il6, tgfβ1, lysozyme, caspase 3, enolase, hif-1, myoglobin, sod2, gpx, gst, and gsr) took place 6 h after recovery, whereas only hsp70 and il10 were upregulated after 1 h. On the contrary, in the skin, most of the analyzed genes showed a higher upregulation during 1 h after stress suggesting that, in the skin, a local response took place as soon as the stressor was detected, thus indicating the importance of the skin in the building of a stress response, whereas the interrenal tissue participated in a later time point to help prevent further alteration at the central level. The present results also show that, even though the stressor is a physical/environmental stressor, all components of the biological systems participate in the regulation of the response process and the recovery process, including neuroendocrine, metabolism, and immunity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rainbow trout integrated response after recovery from short-term acute hypoxia

2022

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“…Oxygen adaptation can be measured by the oxygen challenge test: the time to loss of equilibrium (LOE), where the fish are subjected to an oxygen concentration decline until they lose dorsal-ventral equilibrium (Regan et al, 2017;Bergstedt et al, 2021). A study by found four genome-wide significant and many suggestive QTLs for LOE in Nile tilapia, and revealed two genes significantly associated with LOE.…”

Section: Oxygen Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic architecture of selection for adaptation to challenging environments in aquaculture

Yu¹

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Yu, X. (2022). Genomic architecture of selection for adaptation to challenging environments in Aquaculture. PhD thesis, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands.Aquaculture, including freshwater and marine farming, has been important for global fish production during the past few decades. However, climate change presents a major risk threatening both quality and quantity of aquaculture production. The environmental stressors in aquaculture resulting from climate change, are temperature rise, salinity changes, sea level rise, acidification and changes of other chemical properties and changes of oxygen levels. Although a reasonable genetic gain can be achieved by selective breeding, this genetic response may not be enough to adapt fish species to the effects of climate change. Markerassisted selection focusing on specific genes or alleles that allow fish to cope with these changes would allow more rapid adaptation of fish to these new environments. In this thesis, I focused on three essential environmental stressorsdissolved oxygen, salinity and temperature as primarily determined in aquaculture production. The main objective is to provide insight in the genomic architecture underlying the mechanism of adaptation to challenging environments of aquaculture species under farming conditions. First, I determined candidate QTL associated with phenotypic variation during adaptation to hypoxia or normoxia. I identified overrepresented pathways that could explain the genetic regulation of hypoxia on growth. To identify fish with better hypoxia tolerance and growth under a hypoxic environment, I quantified the genetic correlations between an indicator trait for hypoxia tolerance (critical swimming performance) and growth. Moreover, the genomic architecture associated with swimming performance was demonstrated, while the effect of significant QTLs on growth was estimated. Beyond applying genome-wide association studies, I used selection signatures to identify QTLs and genes contributing to salinity tolerance. In addition, I also compared the genome of the saline-tolerant and highly productive tilapia "Sukamandi", that was developed by the aquaculture research institute in Indonesia, to that of blue tilapia and Nile tilapia, to identify the QTLs contributing to salinity tolerance. Finally, I investigated QTLs associated with growth-related traits and organ weights at two distinct commercial Mediterranean product sites differing in temperature (farms in Spain and Greece). Overall, this thesis considerably adds to insight into how fish adapt to challenging environments, which will aid marker-assisted selection for improved resilience of aquaculture species under climate change. ContentsChapter 1 General introductionChapter 2 Genome-wide association analysis of adaptation to oxygen stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Chapter 3Quantitative trait loci controlling swimming performance and their effect on growth in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)Chapter 4 Genomic analysis of a Nile tilapia strain selected...

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