<i>Alexander A. Friedmann: The Man Who Made the Universe Expand</i>

Tropp, É. A.; Frenkel, Viktor Ya.; Chernin, A. D.; Pyenson, Lewis

doi:10.1063/1.2808640

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…A. Friedmann [25,26] and now we live in the Friedmann universe. The hot Universe model (the Big Bang model) has been introduced by G. Gamov [27] who was A. Friedmann's student [28]. Conferences on general relativity and gravitation 1 The crucial role of Frederiks in development of Russian science has been pointed out in the literature, for instance, V. P. Vizgin and V. Ya.…”

Section: Brief History Of Gr Development In Russiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of bright stars at the Galactic Center as a tool to evaluate a graviton mass

2016

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Abstract. Scientists worked in Saint-Petersburg (Petrograd, Leningrad) played the extremely important role in creation of scientific school and development of general relativity in Russia. Very recently LIGO collaboration discovered gravitational waves [1] predicted 100 years ago by A. Einstein. In the papers reporting about this discovery, the joint LIGO & VIRGO team presented an upper limit on graviton mass such as m g < 1.2 × 10 −22 eV [1,2]. The authors concluded that their observational data do not show violations of classical general relativity because the graviton mass limit is very small. We show that an analysis of bright star trajectories could bound graviton mass with a comparable accuracy with accuracies reached with gravitational wave interferometers and expected with forthcoming pulsar timing observations for gravitational wave detection. This analysis gives an opportunity to treat observations of bright stars near the Galactic Center as a tool for an evaluation specific parameters of the black hole and also to obtain constraints on the fundamental gravity law such as a modifications of Newton gravity law in a weak field approximation. In that way, based on a potential reconstruction at the Galactic Center we give a bounds on a graviton mass.

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Section: Brief History Of Gr Development In Russiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of bright stars at the Galactic Center as a tool to evaluate a graviton mass

2016

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“…Only then could he have read Friedmann's letter. 4 Later that month, Friedmann's Russian colleague Yuri Krutkov met Einstein at Ehrenfest's home in Leiden and clarified the confusion. So Einstein promptly published another short note in the Zeitschrift, acknowledging the mathematical correctness of Friedmann's results.…”

Section: Einstein's Reactionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Redistribution subject to AIP license or copyright; see http://www.physicstoday.org/about_us/terms Born and raised in Saint Petersburg, Friedmann studied mathematics at the city's university 4. There he attended the physics seminars of Vienna-born Paul Ehrenfest, who had moved to St. Petersburg with his Russian wife in 1907.…”

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confidence: 96%

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Alexander Friedmann and the origins of modern cosmology

Belenkiy¹

2012

Physics Today

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“…The Institute's first list of staff included 35 specialists (Polozheniye [1918(Polozheniye [ ] 1993. During this time, Friedmann produced the first really great achievement in Soviet physics: two papers on nonstationary solutions in Einstein's general relativity, the cornerstone of all modern theories of the expanding Universe (Friedmann 1922(Friedmann , 1924Gulo and Osinovskiy 1980, 92-96;Tropp et al 1993). 23 While continuing to take classes at the physicomathematical department, students received their first practical assignments at the State Optical Institute along with food rations, a matter of life and death in a freezing and starving Petrograd.…”

Section: From the Optical Institute To An Optical Industry: Modernizamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Great War, the Russian Civil War, and the Invention of Big Science

Kojevnikov

2002

Sci Context

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ArgumentThe revolutionary transformation in Russian science toward the Soviet model of research started even before the revolution of 1917. It was triggered by the crisis of World War I, in response to which Russian academics proposed radical changes in the goals and infrastructure of the country’s scientific effort. Their drafts envisioned the recognition of science as a profession separate from teaching, the creation of research institutes, and the turn toward practical, applied research linked to the military and industrial needs of the nation. The political revolution and especially the Bolshevik government that shared or appropriated many of the same views on science, helped these reforms materialize during the subsequent Civil War. By 1921, the foundation of a novel system of research and development became established, which in its most essential characteristics was similar to the U.S. later phenomenon known as “big science.”

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Alexander A. Friedmann: The Man Who Made the Universe Expand

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Trajectories of bright stars at the Galactic Center as a tool to evaluate a graviton mass

Trajectories of bright stars at the Galactic Center as a tool to evaluate a graviton mass

Alexander Friedmann and the origins of modern cosmology

The Great War, the Russian Civil War, and the Invention of Big Science

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