Anisakis simplex, a relevant etiologic factor in acute urticaria

Pozo, M. D. Del; Audícana, M.; Dı́ez, Jesús; Muñoz, D.; Ansotegui, Ignacio J.; Fernández, E.; García, Milagros; Etxenagusia, M.; Moneo, Ignacio; Corrés, L. Fernández de

doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb02603.x

Cited by 115 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…21,2008 ANISAKIS SIMPLEX PATHOGENESIS 363 appeared from the central region of Spain but were there associated with gastrointestinal anisakidosis and with raw anchovies in vinegar (69). Moreover, a significant number of fishmongers and fishermen in Italy and African fish-processing workers, as well as 13% of healthy blood donors, are sensitized to this parasite (82,201,221). It should be borne in mind, however, that specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) detection by ImmunoCAP assay can overestimate the number of sensitized subjects (165,167), so the above estimates may be exaggerated.…”

Section: Allergic Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the allergic cases from this region, the consumption of cooked hake (Merluccius merluccius) predominates, closely followed by cooked or raw anchovies (29,95) (Table 1). It is becoming apparent that A. simplex is the most important hidden food allergen in the adult population suffering acute urticaria (82) and anaphylaxis (28,29) of the Basque Country in northern Spain, and this recognition has now spread to other regions in Spain (13). It is also the etiologic factor most commonly associated with urticaria for any specific food allergy in the adult population and comprises as much as 10% of the anaphylaxis previously diagnosed as idiopathic (28) (Fig.…”

Section: Allergic Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypersensitivity is usually diagnosed by skin prick tests and in vitro confirmation (specific IgE, histamine release, basophil activation test [BAT]). In the case of A. simplex, the skin prick test was first used in 1995 (25), and since then its use has been widespread among allergy clinicians as a valuable screening test in cases of urticaria and anaphylaxis (29,50,69,82). Other Japanese authors have reported preliminary studies using intradermal and scratch tests to investigate allergic manifestations associated with anisakidosis (125,139), but these two techniques are no longer recommended as primary tests for the diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergic diseases or for research purposes by the European and American Academies of Allergy.…”

Section: A Simplex Allergy In Humans (I) General Aspects the Potenmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Anisakis simplex: from Obscure Infectious Worm to Inducer of Immune Hypersensitivity

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Infection of humans with the nematode worm parasite Anisakis simplex was first described in the 1960s in association with the consumption of raw or undercooked fish. During the 1990s it was realized that even the ingestion of dead worms in food fish can cause severe hypersensitivity reactions, that these may be more prevalent than infection itself, and that this outcome could be associated with food preparations previously considered safe. Not only may allergic symptoms arise from infection by the parasites (“gastroallergic anisakiasis”), but true anaphylactic reactions can also occur following exposure to allergens from dead worms by food-borne, airborne, or skin contact routes. This review discusses A. simplex pathogenesis in humans, covering immune hypersensitivity reactions both in the context of a living infection and in terms of exposure to its allergens by other routes. Over the last 20 years, several studies have concentrated on A. simplex antigen characterization and innate as well as adaptive immune response to this parasite. Molecular characterization of Anisakis allergens and isolation of their encoding cDNAs is now an active field of research that should provide improved diagnostic tools in addition to tools with which to enhance our understanding of pathogenesis and controversial aspects of A. simplex allergy. We also discuss the potential relevance of parasite products such as allergens, proteinases, and proteinase inhibitors and the activation of basophils, eosinophils, and mast cells in the induction of A. simplex-related immune hypersensitivity states induced by exposure to the parasite, dead or alive.

show abstract

Section: Allergic Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Allergic Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Simplex Allergy In Humans (I) General Aspects the Potenmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Anisakis simplex: from Obscure Infectious Worm to Inducer of Immune Hypersensitivity

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Symptoms of acute gastric infection include sudden epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting and can occur 1–12 h after the infected meal [1]. Anisakiasis is often associated with a strong allergic response, with clinical symptoms ranging from isolated swelling to urticaria, angioedema and life-threatening anaphylactic shock [2,3]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisakis simplex Recombinant Allergens Increase Diagnosis Specificity Preserving High Sensitivity

Caballero¹,

Umpiérrez

Pérez-Piñar³

et al. 2012

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: So far, the frequency of Anisakis simplex-specific IgE antibodies has been determined by skin prick tests (SPTs) and the ImmunoCAP system. These commercial methods have good sensitivity, but their specificity is poor because they use complete parasite extracts. Our aim was to determine the frequency of sensitization to A. simplex using recombinant Ani s 1, Ani s 3, Ani s 5, Ani s 9 and Ani s 10 and to evaluate these allergens for diagnosis, comparing their performance with the commercial methods. Patients and Methods: We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional validation study performed in an allergy outpatient hospital clinic. Patients without fish-related allergy (tolerant patients, n = 99), and A. simplex-allergic patients (n = 35) were studied by SPTs, ImmunoCAP assays and detection of specific IgE to A. simplex recombinant allergens by dot blotting. Results: SPTs and ImmunoCAP assays were positive in 18 and 17% of tolerant patients, respectively. All A. simplex-allergic patients had positive SPTs and ImmunoCAP assays. Specific IgE against at least one of the A. simplex recombinant allergens tested was detected in 15% of sera from tolerant patients and in 100% of sera from A. simplex-allergic patients. Detection of at least one A. simplex recombinant allergen by dot blotting and ImmunoCAP assay using complete extract showed a diagnostic sensitivity of 100% with both methods. However, the specificity of dot blotting with A. simplex recombinant allergens was higher compared with ImmunoCAP (84.85 vs. 82.83%). Conclusions: There are 15% of tolerant patients with specific IgE against important A. simplex allergens. The recombinant allergens studied here increase the specificity of A. simplex diagnosis while keeping the highest sensitivity. A. simplex recombinant allergens should be included with A. simplex allergy diagnostic tests to improve their specificity.

show abstract

“…It has been reported that patients who develop allergic symptoms (urticaria/angioedema and anaphylaxis) after the ingestion of fish are frequently sensitized to allergens of this nematode [2, 6, 7, 8]. Occupational conjunctivitis [9]and asthma [10], supposedly induced by A. simplex , have also been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Cloning of Paramyosin, a New Allergen of Anisakis simplex

Pérez-Pérez

Fernández-Caldas

Marañón

et al. 2000

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Anisakis simplex is a fish parasite that, when accidentally ingested by humans, may cause allergic reactions in sensitized individuals. The main objectives of our study were to: (1) construct a cDNA expression library of A. simplex; (2) identify clones producing specific IgE binding protein antigens, and (3) produce and purify the protein/s codified by the isolated clones produced in Escherichia coli. Methods: An expression cDNA library from the third stage larvae (L3) of A. simplex was constructed. This library was first screened with a rabbit anti A. simplex hyperimmune serum. The positive clones, identified using the rabbit serum, were rescreened with a pool of human sera containing high titers of IgE antibodies against A. simplex. Results: Two positive clones were isolated carrying the genes which codify for paramyosin. The paramyosin protein was produced in E. coli and purified. The partial sequence of a second paramyosin gene was also identified. The frequency of specific IgE binding to the recombinant and native forms of paramyosin using the sera of 26 A. simplex-sensitive individuals was 23 and 88%, respectively. Both paramyosins were able to inhibit 11% of the specific IgE binding to a total extract. Conclusions: We describe the primary structure of a paramyosin of A. simplex. It can be considered as an allergen based on its IgE binding capacity. We suggest that the recombinant protein does not maintain the complete allergenic properties of the native paramyosin, considering its lower IgE binding capacity of the recombinant protein. However, both proteins have the same specific IgE inhibition capacity. The recombinant protein can be produced in large quantities in E. coli. We propose the term Ani s 2 for this allergen.

show abstract

Anisakis simplex, a relevant etiologic factor in acute urticaria

Cited by 115 publications

References 11 publications

Anisakis simplex: from Obscure Infectious Worm to Inducer of Immune Hypersensitivity

Anisakis simplex: from Obscure Infectious Worm to Inducer of Immune Hypersensitivity

<i>Anisakis</i> <i>simplex</i> Recombinant Allergens Increase Diagnosis Specificity Preserving High Sensitivity

Molecular Cloning of Paramyosin, a New Allergen of <i>Anisakis simplex</i>

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About