CCZ1,MON1andYPT7genes are involved in pexophagy, the Cvt pathway and non-specific macroautophagy in the methylotrophic yeastPichia pastoris

Polupanov, Andriy S.; Nazarko, Volodymyr Y.; Sibirny, Andriy А.

doi:10.1042/cbi20100547

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…This fusion step involves components that are common to other transport processes that terminate at the vacuole. Thus, the Rab protein Ypt7, its GDP exchange factor complex Ccz1-Mon1, and SNARE proteins including Vam3, Vam7, Vti1, and Ykt6, along with the class C Vps/HOPS complex, are needed for tethering and fusion (Darsow et al 1997;Rieder and Emr 1997;Ishihara et al 2001;Meiling-Wesse et al 2002;Wang et al 2002;Nair et al 2011;Polupanov et al 2011). The fusion of the autophagosome outer membrane with the vacuole-limiting membrane releases the inner vesicle into the lumen (Figure 1).…”

Section: Macroautophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagic Processes in Yeast: Mechanism, Machinery and Regulation

2013

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Autophagy refers to a group of processes that involve degradation of cytoplasmic components including cytosol, macromolecular complexes, and organelles, within the vacuole or the lysosome of higher eukaryotes. The various types of autophagy have attracted increasing attention for at least two reasons. First, autophagy provides a compelling example of dynamic rearrangements of subcellular membranes involving issues of protein trafficking and organelle identity, and thus it is fascinating for researchers interested in questions pertinent to basic cell biology. Second, autophagy plays a central role in normal development and cell homeostasis, and, as a result, autophagic dysfunctions are associated with a range of illnesses including cancer, diabetes, myopathies, some types of neurodegeneration, and liver and heart diseases. That said, this review focuses on autophagy in yeast. Many aspects of autophagy are conserved from yeast to human; in particular, this applies to the gene products mediating these pathways as well as some of the signaling cascades regulating it, so that the information we relate is relevant to higher eukaryotes. Indeed, as with many cellular pathways, the initial molecular insights were made possible due to genetic studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other fungi. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract 341Introduction 342

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Section: Macroautophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagic Processes in Yeast: Mechanism, Machinery and Regulation

2013

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“…In yeast, during fusion, protein Ypt7 and complex HOPS are involved ( Figure 2, Table 1) [57,58]. Ypt7 is involved in autophagy in Magnaporthe oryzae, Pichia pastoris, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe [59][60][61][62][63][64][65]. Ypt7 is recruited to the surface of the autophagosome by the interaction with the calcium caffeine zinc sensitivity 1-monensin sensitivity 1 complex (Ccz1-Mon1), which is the Ypt7 guanine nucleotide exchange factor.…”

Section: Fusion Of the Autophagosome With The Vacuole And Formation Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Completing Autophagy: Formation and Degradation of the Autophagic Body and Metabolite Salvage in Plants

Stefaniak

Wojtyla

Pietrowska‐Borek

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that occurs in yeast, plants, and animals. Despite many years of research, some aspects of autophagy are still not fully explained. This mostly concerns the final stages of autophagy, which have not received as much interest from the scientific community as the initial stages of this process. The final stages of autophagy that we take into consideration in this review include the formation and degradation of the autophagic bodies as well as the efflux of metabolites from the vacuole to the cytoplasm. The autophagic bodies are formed through the fusion of an autophagosome and vacuole during macroautophagy and by vacuolar membrane invagination or protrusion during microautophagy. Then they are rapidly degraded by vacuolar lytic enzymes, and products of the degradation are reused. In this paper, we summarize the available information on the trafficking of the autophagosome towards the vacuole, the fusion of the autophagosome with the vacuole, the formation and decomposition of autophagic bodies inside the vacuole, and the efflux of metabolites to the cytoplasm. Special attention is given to the formation and degradation of autophagic bodies and metabolite salvage in plant cells.

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“…ribosomes). These specific types of autophagy have own names, such as mitophagy, piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus (PMn), ERphagy, ribophagy (Kiel, 2010;Sibirny, 2011).…”

Section: General Characteristics Of Pexophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that loss of certain peroxisomal membrane proteins may destabilize the peroxisomal membrane, resulting in its lysis. Genes involved in pexophagy in methy lotrophic yeasts are homologous to those found in S. cerevisiae (van Zutphen et al, 2008;Polupanov et al, 2011;Till et al, 2012;Suzuki, 2013).…”

Section: General Characteristics Of Pexophagymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In H. polymorpha, two glucose sensors, Gcr1 and Hxs1, have been identified, along with glucose (hexose) trans porter Hxt1 (Stasyk et al 2004(Stasyk et al , 2008b. P. pastoris, on the other hand, apparently possesses only one glucose sensor, designated as Gss1 (Polupanov et al, 2011). Point or deletion mutations in GCr1 gene of H. polymorpha affected glucose catabolite repression and led to constitutive presence of per oxisomes in glucose medium (Stasyk et al, 2004).…”

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Sensing and signaling for peroxisome autophagic degradation (pexophagy) in yeasts

Sibirny¹

2013

Ukr.Biochem.J.

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yeast cells, similarly to cells of other eukaryotic organisms, possess intracellular organelles, including that of peroxisomes also known as microbodies. Enzymes of oxidative metabolism, mainly hydrogen peroxide generating oxidases, catalase, some enzymes of glyoxylic cycle and enzymes involved in catabolism of unusual carbon sources (n-alkanes, methanol) are located in peroxisomes. Especially important role is played by peroxisomes in methylotrophic yeasts, unique eukaryotic organisms capable to utilize one-carbon compound, methanol. Active proliferation and biogenesis of peroxisomes occur on methanol, so these organelles can occupy between 30 and 80% of cellular volume. After shift of methanol-grown cells into media with multicarbon substrates, such as glucose or ethanol, an excess of peroxisomes degrades in the specific process known as autophagic degradation of peroxisomes or pexophagy. There are 36 AuTophaGy related genes, known as ATG genes, which products are also involved in pexophagy. At the same time, not much is known on mechanisms of glucose and ethanol sensing and signaling which initia te pexophagy process. Proteins Pfk1(α-subunit of phosphofructokinase), Slt2 (mitogen-activating protein kinase) Gpr1 and Gpa2 (components of GPCr system) and Snf3 and Ggt2 (highand low-affinity glucose sensors) were found to be involved in signaling of glucose-induced pexophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, glucose sensing protein Gss1 was found to be important for glucose-induced pexophagy. Very few is known on mechanisms of ethanol sensing and signaling during pexophagy which is an important problem for future studies.

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CCZ1,MON1andYPT7genes are involved in pexophagy, the Cvt pathway and non-specific macroautophagy in the methylotrophic yeastPichia pastoris

Cited by 18 publications

References 58 publications

Autophagic Processes in Yeast: Mechanism, Machinery and Regulation

Autophagic Processes in Yeast: Mechanism, Machinery and Regulation

Completing Autophagy: Formation and Degradation of the Autophagic Body and Metabolite Salvage in Plants

Sensing and signaling for peroxisome autophagic degradation (pexophagy) in yeasts

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