Denitrobacterium

Abstract

De.nit.ro.bac.te'ri.um. L. pref. de from; L. n. nitro nitrocompound; Gr. neut. dim. n. bakterion a small rod; N.L. neut. n. Denitrobacterium named for a nitrocompound‐reducing rod‐shaped bacterium. Actinobacteria / Coriobacteriia / Coriobacteriales / Coriobacteriaceae / Denitrobacterium Rod‐shaped cells (0.5–1.0 × 1.0–1.5 µm). Cells may possess irregular, bulbous ends. Gram‐stain‐positive , non‐sporulating , and nonmotile . Strictly anaerobic chemo‐organotroph; growth is supported by suitable electron acceptors and is proportional to amount of acceptor reduced. Nonfermentative . Growth occurs in anaerobic media containing clarified ruminal fluid, peptone, and a suitable electron acceptor. Dimethyl sulfoxide , nitroethane , 3‐nitropropan‐1‐ol , 2‐nitropropan‐1‐ol , 3‐nitropropionate , trimethyl amine‐oxide and , by some strains , nitrate , may be used as electron acceptors and support good growth . Nitroethanol , 2‐nitrobutane , and 1‐nitropropane also may be used as electron acceptors , but growth with these compounds is marginal , presumably due to the accumulation of toxic end products . Azide , chlorate , fumarate , nitrite , 2‐nitrobenzene , perchlorate , sulfate , and sulfite do not support growth . Little if any acid is produced during growth in medium with hydrogen or formate as electron donor. Hydrogen , formate , and ( dl )‐ Iactate can be used as electron donors ; acetate is produced when grown with lactate. Gelatin is not hydrolyzed , indole and H 2 S are not produced . Palmitic acid (C 14:0 ) is the predominant cellular fatty acid of cells grown in modified brain heart infusion medium, although an abundance of other straight and branched chain fatty acids, aldehydes, and dimethyl acetals are present. Cells contain a c ‐type cytochrome. Isolated from bovine ruminal contents. A single species of Denitrobacterium , Denitrobacterium detoxificans , has been characterized. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicate Denitrobacterium belongs to the Actinobacteria (Figure 419). DNA G + C content ( mol %): 56–61 ( T m ). Type species : Denitrobacterium detoxificans Anderson, Rasmussen, Jensen and Allison 2000, 633 VP .