“I didn’t even know what I was looking for”: A qualitative study of the decision-making processes of Canadian medical tourists

Abstract

BackgroundMedical tourism describes the private purchase and arrangement of medical care by patients across international borders. Increasing numbers of medical facilities in countries around the world are marketing their services to a receptive audience of international patients, a phenomenon that has largely been made possible by the growth of the Internet. The growth of the medical tourism industry has raised numerous concerns around patient safety and global health equity. In spite of these concerns, there is a lack of empirical research amongst medical tourism stakeholders. One such gap is a lack of engagement with medical tourists themselves, where there is currently little known about how medical tourists decide to access care abroad. We address this gap through examining aspects of Canadian medical tourists’ decision-making processes.MethodsSemi-structured phone interviews were administered to 32 Canadians who had gone abroad as medical tourists. Interviews touched on motivations, assessment of risks, information seeking processes, and experiences at home and abroad. A thematic analysis of the interview transcripts followed.ResultsThree overarching themes emerged from the interviews: (1) information sources consulted; (2) motivations, considerations, and timing; and (3) personal and professional supports drawn upon. Patient testimonials and word of mouth connections amongst former medical tourists were accessed and relied upon more readily than the advice of family physicians. Neutral, third-party information sources were limited, which resulted in participants also relying on medical tourism facilitators and industry websites.ConclusionsWhile Canadian medical tourists are often thought to be motivated by wait times for surgery, cost and availability of procedures were common primary and secondary motivations for participants, demonstrating that motivations are layered and dynamic. The findings of this analysis offer a number of important factors that should be considered in the development of informational interventions targeting medical tourists. It is likely that trends observed amongst Canadian medical tourists apply to those from other nations due to the key role the transnational medium of the Internet plays in facilitating patients’ private international medical travel.

Medical tourism by Indian-South Africans to India: an exploratory investigation

“…Audio recordings were made of all interviews, which were later transcribed (Ye et al, 2011;Johnston et al, 2012). Ethical clearance was obtained in accordance with the University of Witwatersrand ethics guidelines.…”

Health Equity Impacts of Medical Tourism in the Caribbean: the Need to Provide Actionable Guidance Regarding Balancing Local and Foreign Interests

“…Operating outside of formal cross-border care arrangements, this phenomenon has become the subject of intensive cross-disciplinary scrutiny (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). While estimates of medical tourist flows continue to be exaggerated through unsubstantiated conjecture (6), academics, researchers and industry representatives agree that medical tourism is indeed a rapid-growth industry (7).…”

Tourism discourse and medical tourists’ motivations to travel

“…Knowledge about medical tourists' decision-making or motivations has typically been speculative in nature, with the majority of information stemming from media reviews (Johnston et al, 2012). Existing research into patients' attitudes toward, and motivations for, medical tourism focuses primarily on unmet health-care needs in home territories as a driving factor.…”

“…The term "medical tourism" refers to the movement of persons across international borders with the intention to access medical care, paid for out of pocket, and without any formal referral from their home health-care system (Johnston et al, 2012). As a rapidly growing industry that is primarily developed for its economic potential, medical tourism is increasingly promoted by national governments as an economic development strategy (Ormond, 2013;Connell, 2013).…”