Eleutheroside E Enhances the Long-Term Memory of Radiation-Damaged C. elegans through G-Protein-Coupled Receptor and Neuropeptide Signaling Pathways

Abstract

Eleutheroside E (EE), a principal active compound of Acanthopanax senticosus, has been shown to have a certain neuromodulation effect. Our previous study indicates that EE protects nerve damage caused by radiation. However, its specific function and underlying mechanism remain unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study is to apply the C. elegans model to illuminate the property and mechanism of EE protecting against nerve damage caused by radiation. Here, we found that EE significantly improved the long-term memory of radiation-damaged C. elegans. Through transcriptome sequencing, the results showed that EE protected radiation-damaged C. elegans mainly through G-protein-coupled receptor and neuropeptide signaling pathways. Further research indicated that EE affected the activity of CREB by cAMP-PKA, Gqα-PLC, and neuropeptide signaling pathways to ultimately improve the long-term memory of radiation-damaged C. elegans. In addition, the activity of Gqα and neuropeptides in AWC neurons and the activity of CREB in AIM neurons might be crucial for EE to function.

Eleutheroside E reduces intestinal fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans through neuroendocrine signals

“…Fatty acid metabolism usually takes place in the intestine. It has been reported that EE mainly plays a role in the nervous system 13,27 . Therefore, we speculated that EE might play a lipid‐lowering effect through brain–gut communication.…”

“…It has been reported that EE mainly plays a role in the nervous system. 13,27 Therefore, we speculated that EE might play a lipid-lowering effect through brain-gut communication. In C. elegans, the loss of unc-13 will inhibit the release of typical neurotransmitters in transparent synaptic vesicles, 28 while the loss of unc-31 will inhibit the release of biogenic amines and neuropeptides in dense synaptic vesicles.…”

Review of Biological Effects of Acute and Chronic Radiation Exposure on Caenorhabditis elegans

“…The results showed that EE significantly protected C. elegans against the damage caused by gamma irradiation. They also showed that the long-term memory of the C. elegans induced by gamma irradiation was improved after treatment with EE [96]. Ceramide's effects on the irradiated germ cells of C. elegans have been investigated by Yang et al [84].…”

“…Recently, certain phytochemical components have been used to improve C. elegans' resistance against ionizing irradiation. The protective effects of Eleutheroside E (EE) against gamma irradiation have been studied by Liu et al [96]. Eleutheroside E is a compound form Acanthopanax senticosus, which is a native plant of East Asia, found in China and Japan.…”

Tea saponin additive to extract eleutheroside B and E from Eleutherococcus senticosus by ultrasonic mediation and its application in a semi-pilot scale

“…1 ). Eleutheroside E also has extensive pharmacological activities, including anti-lipogenesis [32] , treatment of diabetic nephropathy [33] , treatment of rheumatoid arthritis [34] , treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis [35] , neuroprotection [36] , [37] and anti-ischemia–reperfusion injury [38] . In recent years, with the continuous expansion and deepening of research on the action mechanism of eleutheroside B and eleutheroside E, extracts with eleutheroside B and eleutheroside E as index components have been favored by China, Japan, South Korea, and Southeast Asian countries.…”