“…Likewise both cool and warm periods exhibit strong regional distinctions: northern Italy experienced fluvial erosion and deposition during cold, wet periods (DAIA, LIA), while stable soils were building up in the south; warm and dry times brought desertification and wind erosion to Sicily and soil formation in the Po basin. 9 Decade-scale anomalies were also evident, though they only roughly coincide in regional data. Here special note should be taken of a strongly cold early fourteenth century in northwestern and central Europe, similar conditions in the mid-century Mediterranean lands, and another cold snap lasting a human generation just past the middle of the fifteenth century.…”