<i>Escherichia</i>

Cheasty, T.; Smith, H. R.

doi:10.1002/9780470688618.taw0052

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…This increase is, in turn, triggered by the binding of the fimbriae and the lipopolysaccharides to the specific TLR4. 43,44 This activation causes recruitment of the neutrophils, which aids in localising the organism within the bladder and prevents it from ascending.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and The Role Of Mic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

Mandal

2017

EMJ

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Since the recognition of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU), several studies have questioned its significance. It is a very common condition, observed in many healthy individuals. Current guidelines mandate that ABU should not be treated in all cases, as it does not seem to improve the outcome. Conditional restrictions for treatment of ABU can be relaxed in certain situations, with minimal exceptions to the rule.

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Section: Pathogenesis Of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and The Role Of Mic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

Mandal

2017

EMJ

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“…A major defence mechanism against bacterial growth in the urinary tract is urination itself, which along with the shedding of surface epithelial cells, wards off any bacteria that may be adhered to them. 6,8,9 Therefore, any obstruction to the flow of urine may lead to compromisation of this mechanism.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This activation prevents the colonisation of the urothelium by uropathogens using Type 1 fimbriae. 7,8 Binding of the Type 1 fimbria activates the secretion of the other endogenous substances such as antimicrobial peptides, specifically defensins. There are two types of defensins, α and β, both of which are bactericidal.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TLRs present on the urothelium include TLR2, which can recognise the peptidoglycans in the cell wall of Grampositive bacteria, and TLR4 which can recognise the LPS present in the cell wall of Gram-negative uropathogens. 8,12,13 Another recently identified TLR, TLR11, has a putative, but not yet established, role in the pathogenesis of UTI wherein it is said to be capable of recognising the uropathogens. In this way the latter offers protection to the kidney from bacterial damage.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenesis and Laboratory Diagnosis of Childhood Urinary Tract Infection

Mandal

2016

EMJ Urol

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Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections of childhood. The clinical presentations are mostly non-specific or mild. As any episode of UTI can potentially damage the kidneys, timely diagnosis and treatment are necessary to prevent renal damage. Incidence of UTI varies depending on the age, gender, and race of the child. UTIs in children are commonly caused by bacteria, though viruses, fungi, and parasites are also occasionally involved. The pathogenesis of UTI is complex where several host and pathogen factors influence the course of the disease and its outcome. Urine culture is still considered the gold standard method for the diagnosis of UTI. The means of obtaining urine samples from children for culture involves urethral catheterisation and suprapubic aspiration. The conventional methods of antibiotic susceptibility testing are labour intensive and time exhaustive. With the advent of technology, many automated platforms are available which are rapid, involve less volume of the culture or the sample, and have high accuracy.

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“…[4] The E. coli serogroups are presently numbered from O1 to O187 according to the serological properties of their somatic antigen but, since seven of them have been removed (O31, O47, O67, O72, O93, O94, and O122), only 180 are currently in use. [5][6][7][8][9] The ECODAB (E. coli Oantigen database) contains information about the structure, NMR chemical shifts, cross-reactivity, and information about glycosyltransferases (GTs) involved in the biosynthesis of many E. coli O-antigens. [5,10] E. coli O181 was recently reported and described as a Shigatoxin-producing E. coli (STEC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Elucidation of the O‐Antigen Polysaccharide from Escherichia coli O181

2014

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Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important pathogen associated to food-borne infection in humans; strains of E. coli O181, isolated from human cases of diarrhea, have been classified as belonging to this pathotype. Herein, the structure of the O-antigen polysaccharide (PS) from E. coli O181 has been investigated. The sugar analysis showed quinovosamine (QuiN), glucosamine (GlcN), galactosamine (GalN), and glucose (Glc) as major components. Analysis of the high-resolution mass spectrum of the oligosaccharide (OS), obtained by dephosphorylation of the O-deacetylated PS with aqueous 48 % hydrofluoric acid, revealed a pentasaccharide composed of two QuiNAc, one GlcNAc, one GalNAc, and one Glc residue. The 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments of the OS were carried out using 1 D and 2 D NMR experiments, and the OS was sequenced using a combination of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data and NMR 13C NMR glycosylation shifts. The structure of the native PS was determined using NMR spectroscopy, and it consists of branched pentasaccharide repeating units joined by phosphodiester linkages: →4)[α-l-QuipNAc-(1→3)]-α-d-GalpNAc6Ac-(1→6)-α-d-Glcp-(1→P-4)-α-l-QuipNAc-(1→3)-β-d-GlcpNAc-(1→; the O-acetyl groups represent 0.4 equivalents per repeating unit. Both the OS and PSs exhibit rare conformational behavior since two of the five anomeric proton resonances could only be observed at an elevated temperature.

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Escherichia

Cited by 3 publications

References 169 publications

Significance of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

Significance of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

Pathogenesis and Laboratory Diagnosis of Childhood Urinary Tract Infection

Structural Elucidation of the O‐Antigen Polysaccharide from Escherichia coli O181

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