<i>Heracleum mantegazzianum</i> growth phases and furocoumarin content

Pira, Enrico; Romano, Canzio; Sulotto, F; Pavan, I; Monaco, Eugenia

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb04747.x

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…We attempted to find the reason for such an abundant occurrence of the compound on the leaves of H. Sosnowskyi. Other authors found the greatest amount of furanocoumarin during the flowering period in two Heracleum species (Pira et al 1989;Zobel and Brown 1990b).…”

Section: R a F Tmentioning

confidence: 85%

Localisation of furanocoumarins in the tissues and on the surface of shoots of Heracleum sosnowskyi

Weryszko-Chmielewska

Chwil

2017

Botany

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Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. was introduced in Poland as a fodder plant. Currently, it is regarded as an invasive plant posing a health hazard to humans and animals and a threat to native flora. The aim of the study was to localise furanocoumarins in the stem and leaf tissues. The investigations were carried out using light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy as well as histochemical assays. The epidermis of the analysed organs bears live, non-capitate hairs with variable length, which contain lipids, essential oils, polysaccharides, tannins, and furanocoumarins. The observations performed with scanning electron microscopy revealed the presence of a foamy substance and furanocoumarin crystals on the surface of the trichomes and other epidermal cells, as well as in the parenchyma cells. Characteristic furanocoumarin autofluorescence was present in the epidermis and on its surface, as well as in the subepidermal parenchyma. Secondary fluorescence was emitted by furanocoumarins in different leaf petiole tissues: psoralen, bergapten, and xanthotoxin. We have detected for the first time the presence of furanocoumarins in different tissues of leaves in H. sosnowskyi. Furanocoumarins were also abundantly present on the epidermal surface of cells. This explains why the contact with the plant is dangerous to humans and results in development of photodermatoses.

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Section: R a F Tmentioning

confidence: 85%

Localisation of furanocoumarins in the tissues and on the surface of shoots of Heracleum sosnowskyi

Weryszko-Chmielewska

Chwil

2017

Botany

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“…Mü llerová et al 2005;Nielsen et al 2005) and occurs as both open stands and dense (dominant) stands in a range of different habitats (Tiley et al 1996;Thiele and Otte 2006). Owing to its phototoxic compounds (furanocumarins: Pira et al 1989) and its potential negative effects on local phytodiversity, H. mantegazzianum belongs to a group of the most important invasive plants species in Germany and is one of a few adventitious plant species outside crop fields that are selectively managed (Schepker and Kowarik 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Population life-cycle and stand structure in dense and open stands of the introduced tall herb Heracleum mantegazzianum

2007

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Populations of the introduced Heracleum mantegazzianum consist of dense central stands, which gradually give way to open stands towards the margins. To analyse whether open stands are due to unsuitable conditions or represent the invading front for further spread, we studied life-cycle, population dynamics, stand structure and soil conditions of open and dense stands over two transition periods. Populations decreased during the first interval but increased after the extremely dry and warm summer of 2003 during the second interval. Open stands had shorter generation times, lower height, smaller proportions of small individuals and were less in equilibrium with the environment than dense stands. In open stands, growth to higher stages was most important, while in dense stands delayed development (self-loops) had a strong effect on population growth; stasis and fecundity contributed most to the difference in k between stand types. By petiole extension H. mantegazzianum may raise its leaves just above the resident vegetation. Therefore, younger stages develop faster in open stands, whereas strong competition by conspecific adults leads to longer generation times and a higher proportion of small individuals in dense stands. Disturbance due to extreme climatic conditions in summer 2003 equalised population dynamics of both stand types. Lifecycle variation between stand types makes it difficult to infer simple management rules. However, our data suggest that small and/or open stands of H. mantegazzianum may eventually serve as initials for further spread after land-use changes, whereas dense stands are stable and may represent sources of propagules.

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“…Both Knudsen (1983) using material from Denmark and Pira et al (1989) using material from Italy found maximum levels in the fruit, with intermediate levels in the leaves, followed by the roots, and the lowest levels in the stem. Psoralen was the predominant furanocoumarin in the leaves and bergapten in the fruit (Pira et al 1989). Furanocoumarin levels peaked in spring and early summer and declined in late summer and autumn.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that H. mantegazzianum causes phytophotodermatitis, a serious skin inflammation resulting from the activation, under ultraviolet radiation, of compounds contained in the plant sap (Kuske 1940;Drever and Hunter 1970;Camm et al 1976a). The major phytotoxic principles in Heracleum species are linear furanocoumarins or psoralens, mainly 5-methoxypsoralen and 8-methoxypsoralen (Pathak et al 1967;Nielsen 1970;Molho et al 1971;Pira et al 1989). Toxicity is due to cross-linking of the furan ring with pyrimidine bases (thymine) of DNA in the presence of ultraviolet light at 315-400 nm.…”

Section: Economic Importance and Environmentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 4. Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier

Page

Wall

Darbyshire³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier. Can. J. Plant Sci. 86: 569-589. Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed) is an invasive alien plant of management concern in southern Canada where it has escaped from horticulture and established and spread in natural, ruderal, and agricultural ecosystems. It poses a threat to natural ecosystems and human health, and is also a weed in agricultural and urban areas. It is a member of the Carrot family (Apiaceae) and is closely related to the native species Heracleum maximum Bartram (cow-parsnip). It is a monocarpic perennial, which generally flowers in its 3rd or 4th year. Large size, leaf shape, dark reddish pigments in patches on stems and petioles, and fruit characteristics readily distinguish H. mantegazzianum from other plants in Canada. It is increasingly common in riparian areas, floodplains, and forest edges in or near urban areas in southwestern British Columbia and southern Ontario. Based on herbarium specimens, H. mantegazzianum was first recorded in Ontario in 1949, British Columbia in 1964, Nova Scotia in 1980, Quebec in 1990, and New Brunswick in 2000. The development of dense stands of H. mantegazzianum can also reduce the richness of native plants. Contact with H. mantegazzianum can cause phytophotodermatitis, a serious skin inflammation caused by UV photo-activation of furanocoumarins present in the sap. Control methods include herbicide application, mechanical cutting, and animal grazing, but strategies to address seed dispersal and re-establishment from dormant seed must also be adopted. Widespread establishment in southern Canada suggests that eradication is unlikely. However, range expansion and rapid population growth can be prevented through strategic management including public education. Heracleum mantegazzianum (berce du Caucase) est une espèce exotique envahissante qui préoccupe les producteurs du sud du Canada, car la plante s'est échappée des jardins pour coloniser les écosystèmes naturels, rudéraux et agricoles. En plus d'être une adventice dans les régions agricoles et urbaines, l'espèce s'avère une menace pour les écosystèmes naturels et la santé humaine. Membre de la famille de la carotte (Apiacées), la berce du Caucase est étroitement apparentée à l'espèce indigène Heracleum maximum Bartram (berce laineuse). Cette vivace monocarpienne fleurit habituellement la troisième ou la quatrième année. Il est facile de la distinguer des autres plantes à cause de sa grande taille, de la forme de ses feuilles, des taches rouge foncé sur la tige et les pétioles et des fruits très caractéristiques. On la trouve de plus en plus dans les habitats riverains, les plaines inondables et la lisière des forêts, ou à proximité des zones urbaines dans le sud-ouest de la ColombieBritannique et le sud de l'Ontario. D'après les spécimens conservés dans les herbiers, H. mantegazzianum a été identifiée pour la première fois en 1949 en Ontario, en 1964 en Colombie-Britannique, en 1980 en Nouvelle-Écosse, en 1990 au Québec et en 2000 au Nouveau-Brunswick. Le développem...

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Heracleum mantegazzianum growth phases and furocoumarin content

Cited by 24 publications

References 8 publications

Localisation of furanocoumarins in the tissues and on the surface of shoots of Heracleum sosnowskyi

Localisation of furanocoumarins in the tissues and on the surface of shoots of Heracleum sosnowskyi

Population life-cycle and stand structure in dense and open stands of the introduced tall herb Heracleum mantegazzianum

The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 4. Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier

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