2011
DOI: 10.1346/ccmn.2011.0590205
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In situ X-ray Diffraction Study of the Swelling of Montmorillonite as Affected by Exchangeable Cations and Temperature

Abstract: The swelling property of smectite is dominated by the hydration of exchangeable cations in the interlayer spacing (‘interlayer hydration’). By investigating systematically the swelling behavior of various exchangeable cations with different valences and ionic radii, the interlayer hydration of smectite was explored. The swelling behavior of Li+-, K+-, Rb+-, Cs+-, Mg2+-, Sr2+-, Ba2+-, and La3+- montmorillonites in undersaturated conditions was measured precisely over the range 50–150°C by in situ X-ray diffract… Show more

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Cited by 61 publications
(33 citation statements)
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“…At room humidity, Ca‐ and Mg‐montmorillonite show the widest interlayer distance of 15.06 Å(Ca) and 14.66 Å(Mg), followed by Na‐montmorillonite with 12.5 Å and K‐montmorillonite with 11.95 Å. These values correspond very well with those from previously published studies [ Berend et al ., ; Cases et al ., ; Shang et al ., ; Morodome and Kawamura , ] and show that the cation‐exchange process was successful.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…At room humidity, Ca‐ and Mg‐montmorillonite show the widest interlayer distance of 15.06 Å(Ca) and 14.66 Å(Mg), followed by Na‐montmorillonite with 12.5 Å and K‐montmorillonite with 11.95 Å. These values correspond very well with those from previously published studies [ Berend et al ., ; Cases et al ., ; Shang et al ., ; Morodome and Kawamura , ] and show that the cation‐exchange process was successful.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The interlayer spaces for the dehydrated saponite completely shrink Na + cations infilling up the hexagonal cavity of silicate tetrahedron, as confirmed by XRD experiments [18][19]. Generally, they expand together with H 2 O molecules adsorbed at the Na + cations in the interlayer spaces in result of hydration.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 64%
“…X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments have been applied for investigating the interlayer cation states via a variation of the basal spacing upon hydration. [10][11][12] The uniform distribution of interlayer cations without any specific structure has been implied in the previous studies. In the present study, the interlayer cation states, which can be varied via the local structure of the 2D nanosheets, were highlighted based on the data of solid-state 23 Na nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.…”
mentioning
confidence: 70%