In vitro detection and characterization of drug hypersensitivity using flow cytometry

Abstract

Analysis of drug-specific cytokine production by means of flow cytometry proved a useful and reliable approach for the in vitro detection and characterization of drug hypersensitivities.

Using CD40 Ligand Expression to Detect Antigen-specific T Cells in Patients with Drug Eruptions

“…Several assays to detect drug-specific T cells employing FCM are currently in use and have been described in the literature (10)(11)(12). CD69 is one of the specific markers for T-cell activation other than CD40L, and upregulation of this surface-specific marker was reportedly detected after 48 h in LTT-positive patients (8).…”

The predominant drug-specific T-cell population may switch from cytotoxic T cells to regulatory T cells during the course of anticonvulsant-induced hypersensitivity

“…Cell preparation and culture for DLST were performed in accordance with standard DLST protocols [6,10,11]. Briefly, PBMCs were isolated with Ficoll-Hypaque solution (Sigma-Aldrich), labeled with 6 mM CFSE (Invitrogen), and cultured at 2 Â 10 5 cells/well in two 96-well flat-bottomed plates for 7 days.…”

Association of CD69 and CD 25 Activation Markers on CD4 and CD8 Cells with Skin Tests in Drug Allergy

“…Before testing, drugs were dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, LGC BIOTECNOLOGIA, Sao Paulo, Brazil) and adjusted to three different concentrations according to the procedures described by Martin et al [7] and Pichler and Tilch [13]. Acetylsalicylic acid, diclofenac, rifamycin, phenytoin, paracetamol, sulfasalazine and betamethasone were previously dissolved in dimethyl sulphoxide, 0.1 M. The drugs were obtained from SIGMA-ALDRICH, St Louis, MO, USA, except for captopril (INCQS/FIOCRUZ, Av.…”

“…A conclusive laboratory diagnosis of drug allergy that confirms the clinical symptoms and identifies its causative agent still remains a major challenge in daily clinical practice [7]. Skin tests, such as patch, prick and intradermal tests (IDT) may present low sensitivity in patients with a clear history of DHR [5,7].…”

“…Skin tests, such as patch, prick and intradermal tests (IDT) may present low sensitivity in patients with a clear history of DHR [5,7]. Although provocation oral tests are considered to be the gold standard in drug allergy, sometimes they are not well accepted by physicians and patients due to the risk of causing severe reactions [1,8].…”