In vitro impact of bisphenol A on maturation and function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome

EDC-induced mechanisms of immunotoxicity: a systematic review

“…For instance, after TCDD exposure DCs acquired a more anti-inflammatory phenotype even though they did not stop producing some amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines. For BPA, similar outcomes were reported in an ER-dependent manner but more inclined to a pro-inflammatory response (Qiu et al 2018;Wang, She, et al 2020). Since BPs can also interact with AHR, each EDC may move the balance to one side or another depending on their properties and way of affecting the different NRs, making it even more challenging to understand their molecular mechanisms of immunotoxicity and more difficult to know whether the observed outcomes depend on one or another NR or arise from a combined effect.…”

“…In addition, increased secretion of IL-6 and IL-12 by moDCs has been shown (Figure 3), resulting in disturbed differentiation of T cell subsets. Specifically, BPA exposure resulted in increased IL-17 and RORcd but not IL-10 and FoxP3 expression supporting a role of ER in Th17 induction by BPA (Figure 2(A)) (Wang, She, et al 2020). Additionally, experiments conducted in zebrafish revealed that BPA, BPF, and BPS exposure induced the expression of ER and NFjB resulting in increased expression of several cytokines such as IL-10, IL-1b, TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-12 (Qiu et al 2018).…”

“…Since BPs can also interact with AHR, each EDC may move the balance to one side or another depending on their properties and way of affecting the different NRs, making it even more challenging to understand their molecular mechanisms of immunotoxicity and more difficult to know whether the observed outcomes depend on one or another NR or arise from a combined effect. T cells are another example in which BPA acting through ER and AHR contribute to the induction of Th17 cells, although little is known about whether there is direct cooperation between these two NRs or they reach the same outcome by different pathways (Dong et al 2020;Gao et al 2020;Wang, Cao, et al 2020;Wang, She, et al 2020). Moreover, Avila et al showed that PPARc activation by prenatal exposure to BPA is related to an induction of Blimp-1, leading to an increased B cell differentiation to plasma cells.…”

“…This section focuses on the role of the activation of other cellular receptors such ER and PPAR by EDCs on T, B, and dendritic cells. Our search identified 3 articles for BPA and ER or PPAR (Qiu et al 2018;Avila et al 2019;Wang, She, et al 2020) and 5 for PFASs and PPAR (Peden-Adams et al 2008;Qazi et al 2009;Corsini et al 2011;Midgett et al 2015). No articles for TCDD and FRs as ER or PPAR ligands were found.…”