“…Davison (1983) proposed the TPE hypothesis, namely that people overestimate the impact of media on others, and the way their attitudes or behaviours might be affected. Since then, media scholars have reported solid empirical evidence to support the TPE (e.g., Chapin, 2002Chapin, , 2013Cohen & Davis, 1991;David & Johnson, 1998;Davison, 1996;Duck et al, 1999;Gunther, 1991;Hoffner & Buchanan, 2002;Huh et al, 2004;McLeod et al, 2001;Bryant et al, 2000;Perloff, 1993Perloff, , 1999Perloff, , 2002Price & Tewksbury, 1998;Sun et al, 2008), emphasizing that the more negative or controversial the messages are, the stronger the perceived influence on others.…”