Micromonospora

Abstract

Mi.cro.mo.no.spo'ra. Gr. adj. mikros small; Gr. adj. monos single, solitary; Gr. fem. n. spora a seed and in biology a spore; N.L. fem. n. Micromonospora small, single‐spored (organism). Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micromonosporales / Micromonosporaceae / Micromonospora Well‐developed, branched, substrate mycelium (0.2–0.6 µm diameter). Nonmotile spores are borne singly, sessile, or terminally on short sporophores. Sporophore development is monopodial or in some cases sympodial. Spores are spherical to oval in shape (0.7–1.5 µm) and in most species have blunt spiny projections. The spores are often carried in branched clusters on short hyphae of the substrate mycelium. Aerial mycelium is usually absent, but some cultures develop sterile short aerial hyphae. Gram‐stain‐positive, mesophilic, non‐acid‐fast. Aerobic to microaerophilic. Chemo‐organotrophic. Sensitive to pH below 5.0. Growth usually occurs between 20 and 40°C, but not above 50°C. Cell wall contains meso ‐diaminopimelic acid and/or 3‐OH‐diaminopimelic acid. Arabinose and xylose are the characteristic sugars present in whole‐organism hydrolysates of most species, but variable amounts of galactose, glucose, mannose, and rhamnose can also be found depending on the species. The major phospholipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids are present, mostly C 15:0 iso, C 17:0 iso, C 15:0 anteiso, C 17:0 anteiso, C 17:0 10‐methyl, and C 17:0 10‐methyl. Mycolic acids are absent. Major menaquinones are MK‐9(H 4 ), MK‐9(H 6 ), MK‐10(H 4 ), MK‐10(H 6 ), or MK‐12(H 6 ). Isolated from soil, plant materials, freshwater, and marine environments. DNA G + C content ( mol %): 68–75 ( T m , HPLC). Type species : Micromonospora chalcea (Foulerton 1905) Ørskov 1923, 156 AL (“ Streptothrix chalcea ” Foulerton 1905, 1199).

Defining the Species Micromonospora saelicesensis and Micromonospora noduli Under the Framework of Genomics

“…The genus Micromonospora represented by Gram-stain positive, filamentous and sporulating actinobacteria, belongs to the family Micromonosporaceae of the order Micromonosporales in the phylum Actinobacteria (Genilloud, 2015a , b , c ). The type species of the genus is Micromonospora chalcea and currently includes 81 species with validly published names http://www.bacterio.net/micromonospora.html (Parte, 2014 ).…”

Bryophytes Harbor Cultivable Actinobacteria With Plant Growth Promoting Potential

“…In this study, almost half of actinobacteria (46%) were identified as Micromonospora . Members of this genus have been isolated from various habitats including plants ( Trujillo et al, 2010 , 2015 ; Carro et al, 2012 , 2013 ; Genilloud, 2015 ). Several new species of Micromonospora are endophytes of various plants as exemplified by the description of M. costi ( Thawai, 2015 ), M. globbae ( Kuncharoen et al, 2018 ), M. phytophila ( Carro et al, 2018b ), M. luteiviridis ( Carro et al, 2018b ), M. oryzae ( Kittiwongwattana et al, 2015 ), and M. terminaliae ( Kaewkla et al, 2017 ).…”

Genomic Insight into Three Marine Micromonospora sp. Strains from the Gulf of California

“…The genus Micromonospora , class Actinobacteria , contained over 80 validly described species (1) at the time of writing. Although several species have terrestrial origin, they have also been associated with marine environments (2), sea sands (3), near-shore sediments (4), deep-sea sediments (5, 6), and marine sponges (7). Micromonospora spp.…”

“…Micromonosporae show 16S rRNA similarity values within the range of 96.7% to 99% (2), making the description of putative novel species difficult without full-genome sequences. Micromonosporae have also been found to be a promising source of biosynthetic metabolites (9).…”