<i>Notes from the Field:</i>Interpretation of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Leptospirosis During a Dengue Outbreak — Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia, 2019

Dawson, Patrick; Marfel, Maria; Galloway, Renee L.; Tareg, Aileen; Paz–Bailey, Gabriela; Muñoz‐Jordán, Jorge L.; Sharp, Tyler M.; Adams, Laura; Bower, William A.

doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6948a6

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…Alternatively, false-positive results could occur as well. As previously mentioned, immunoglobulins, including IgM, can circulate for months following illness or animal vaccination, and can cause false-positives in IgM-specific tests [40]. There is an urgent need for an easy-to-use, point-of-care test that can sensitively and rapidly capture and detect leptospiral antigen (direct detection rather than indirect) in patients who present early to make a prompt diagnosis and initiate appropriate management at the time of presentation.…”

Section: Serologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Diagnostics in Epidemiology, Management, Surveillance, and Control of Leptospirosis

et al. 2022

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A One Health approach to the epidemiology, management, surveillance, and control of leptospirosis relies on accessible and accurate diagnostics that can be applied to humans and companion animals and livestock. Diagnosis should be multifaceted and take into account exposure risk, clinical presentation, and multiple direct and/or indirect diagnostic approaches. Methods of direct detection of Leptospira spp. include culture, histopathology and immunostaining of tissues or clinical specimens, and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). Indirect serologic methods to detect leptospiral antibodies include the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and lateral flow methods. Rapid diagnostics that can be applied at the point-of-care; NAAT and lateral flow serologic tests are essential for management of acute infection and control of outbreaks. Culture is essential to an understanding of regional knowledge of circulating strains, and we discuss recent improvements in methods for cultivation, genomic sequencing, and serotyping. We review the limitations of NAATs, MAT, and other diagnostic approaches in the context of our expanding understanding of the diversity of pathogenic Leptospira spp. Novel approaches are needed, such as loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based approaches to leptospiral nucleic acid detection.

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Section: Serologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Diagnostics in Epidemiology, Management, Surveillance, and Control of Leptospirosis

et al. 2022

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Leptospira

Galloway,

Gulvik

2023

ClinMicroNow

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The genus Leptospira comprises spiral‐shaped bacteria with hooked ends. This genus, along with the genera Leptonema and Turneriella , makes up the family Leptospiraceae in the order Spirochaetales and class Spirochaetes of the phylum Spirochaetae . Leptospires are divided into serovars defined by agglutination after cross‐absorption with homologous antigen. Leptospires are ubiquitous, either free‐living in water or wet soil, or associated with renal colonization of mammals. Knowledge of the prevalent serovars and their maintenance hosts is essential for understanding the epidemiology of the disease. The clinical presentation of leptospirosis is biphasic, with a septicemic phase lasting about a week, followed by the immune phase, characterized by antibody production and excretion of leptospires in the urine. Nucleic acid amplification tests, such as PCR, have been widely used for detection of leptospires. Leptospiral DNA has been amplified from blood, plasma, serum, urine, aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, and tissues obtained at autopsy or biopsy.

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Case 31-2024: A 37-Year-Old Man with Fever, Myalgia, Jaundice, and Respiratory Failure

Hillmann,

Chung,

Mohareb

et al. 2024

N Engl J Med

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Notes from the Field:Interpretation of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Leptospirosis During a Dengue Outbreak — Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia, 2019

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Role of Diagnostics in Epidemiology, Management, Surveillance, and Control of Leptospirosis

Role of Diagnostics in Epidemiology, Management, Surveillance, and Control of Leptospirosis

Leptospira

Case 31-2024: A 37-Year-Old Man with Fever, Myalgia, Jaundice, and Respiratory Failure

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