Planckintermediate results

Abstract

Using Planck data combined with the Meta Catalogue of X-ray detected Clusters of galaxies (MCXC), we address the study of peculiar motions by searching for evidence of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (kSZ). By implementing various filters designed to extract the kSZ generated at the positions of the clusters, we obtain consistent constraints on the radial peculiar velocity average, root mean square (rms), and local bulk flow amplitude at different depths. For the whole cluster sample of average redshift 0.18, the measured average radial peculiar velocity with respect to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation at that redshift, i.e., the kSZ monopole, amounts to 72 ± 60 km s −1 . This constitutes less than 1% of the relative Hubble velocity of the cluster sample with respect to our local CMB frame. While the linear ΛCDM prediction for the typical cluster radial velocity rms at z = 0.15 is close to 230 km s −1 , the upper limit imposed by Planck data on the cluster subsample corresponds to 800 km s −1 at 95% confidence level, i.e., about three times higher. Planck data also set strong constraints on the local bulk flow in volumes centred on the Local Group. There is no detection of bulk flow as measured in any comoving sphere extending to the maximum redshift covered by the cluster sample. A blind search for bulk flows in this sample has an upper limit of 254 km s −1 (95% confidence level) dominated by CMB confusion and instrumental noise, indicating that the Universe is largely homogeneous on Gpc scales. In this context, in conjunction with supernova observations, Planck is able to rule out a large class of inhomogeneous void models as alternatives to dark energy or modified gravity. The Planck constraints on peculiar velocities and bulk flows are thus consistent with the ΛCDM scenario.

Cosmological exact solutions set of a perfect fluid in an anisotropic space-time in Petrov type D

“…äb −ba (8) it must represent, to some extent, a type of monopole of "Coulomb" (for further details see [38]). It should be noted that the symmetry (1) allows several solutions both type O as well as D of Petrov, for example, similarly to the symmetry of Bianchi-I with g 00 = 1.…”

“…This discovery is confirmed on other works related to the direction of the polarization of Quasars [2] and the rotation of spiral galaxies [3]. Other important discoveries, though exposed to criticisms and refutation, are the ones obtained with the data of the satellites WMAP and Planck: the non-Gaussianity in the CMB (see examples [4], [5]), vast empty spaces [6],large-scale peculiar velocities larger than the expected on the standard cosmological model (Dark Flow anomaly) [7], [8], adverse data analysis of gravitational waves for some cosmological models of inflation and string theory [9] and inside the LCDM cosmological model, discrepancies with a few observations; such as the measurement of the current rate of expansion H 0 , the galaxies shear power spectrum and the number of galaxy clusters, as a result of the Plank satellite's rates measurements [10], and to a lesser extent a deficit of 5 − 10% at the low power spectrum mode [l < 40] vs. the standard model LCDM [11] , the lack of evidence of dynamic dark energy [12], the reduction of the possible standard cosmological model, such as exponential potential model, simple hybrid inflation models, and monomial potential models of degree n > 2 [13]. Moreover, and this being another restrictions to models with variable physical constants, both temporal and special, it was found that the time variable independent of the fine-structure constant α and the mass of the electron m e are limited by the data of the Plank satellite for ∆α/α = (3.6 ± 3.7) • 10 −3 and ∆m e /m e = (4 ± 11) • 10 −3 at a 68% level of confidence and for a spatial variation of the fine-structure constant α, at ∆α/α = (−2.4 ± 3.7) • 10 −2 [14]; related to the same topic and base on the data of VLT/UVES and the Keck telescope, it has been observed a dipole of the ∆α/α variation with a amplitude of 0.97 +0.22 −0.20 • 10 −5 [15] this implying an anisotropic variation of the α constant.…”

Testing for gravitational preferred directions with galaxy and lensing surveys

“…They include the alignment of quadrupole, octupole and ecliptic plane, a dipole anomaly in the power spectrum that breaks statistical isotropy and the hemispherical anomaly whose maximum asymmetry is observed in the ecliptic frame. On the other hand, large scale bulk flows have also been detected with an amplitude which has been claimed to exceed the predictions of standard ΛCDM [8][9][10]. Although the statistical significance of such anomalies is * Electronic address: migueapa@ucm.es † Electronic address: maroto@ucm.es somewhat limited, they have motivated the search for preferred directions in cosmology.…”

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Detection of the pairwise kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect with SDSS DR15 galaxies

“…In our analysis, we use three CMB datasets that combine ACT and Planck data. The first dataset is a componentseparated internal linear combination map (ILC) [30], referred to as DR4 ILC, which uses night-time ACT observations from DR4, principally from 2014 to 2015 [32,33] as well as Planck data in eight bands, from 30 to 545 GHz, from the PR2 (2015) release [34]. The map is created by minimizing the variance and is dominated by CMB and kSZ signals but also has other foregrounds including thermal SZ and cosmic infrared background (CIB) contributions.…”