<i>Plasmodium malariae</i>Prevalence and<i>csp</i>Gene Diversity, Kenya, 2014 and 2015

Lo, Eugenia; Nguyen, Kristie; Nguyen, Jennifer; Hemming-Schroeder, Elizabeth; Xu, Jiaobao; Etemesi, Harrisone; Githeko, Andrew K.; Yan, Guiyun

doi:10.3201/eid2304.161245

Cited by 37 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…14 In Kenya, P. malariae was identified by molecular analysis in 5% of asymptomatic and 3% of symptomatic malaria infections. 15 In Uganda, molecular analysis of samples from a Kampala cohort for which genotyping did not identify P. falciparum suggested that 4.6% of plasmodial infections were due to P. malariae, 0.9% to P. ovale, and 0.5% to P. vivax. 16 A study of children from eastern Uganda noted frequent mixed infections when malaria was diagnosed by molecular methods, with 41% of infections P. falciparum and P. malariae, 9% P. falciparum and P. ovale, and 8% all three of these species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium Species Infecting Children Presenting with Malaria in Uganda

Asua

Tukwasibwe

Conrad

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Contributions of species other than to human malaria in sub-Saharan Africa are uncertain. We collected blood from children aged 6 months to 10 years diagnosed with malaria by Giemsa-stained blood smears (176 subjects) or histidine rich protein-2-based rapid diagnostic tests (323 subjects) in 2016; 50 samples from each of 10 sites across Uganda were studied to identify infecting species. Of 499 available samples, 474 demonstrated plasmodial infection by polymerase chain reaction amplification of 18S ribosomal RNA genes, including in 472, in 22, in 15, and in four; 435 were pure, two did not contain , and the remainder were mixed infections including. The prevalence of nonfalciparum species varied geographically. Stratifying based on recent history of indoor residual spraying (IRS) of insecticides, nonfalciparum infections were seen in 27/189 (14.8%) samples from sites that received and 13/285 (4.6%) samples from sites that did not receive IRS since 2010 ( = 0.0013). Overall, 39/474 (8.2%) samples from individuals diagnosed with malaria included nonfalciparum infections. Thus, a substantial proportion of episodes of malaria in Uganda include infections with plasmodial species other than .

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium Species Infecting Children Presenting with Malaria in Uganda

Asua

Tukwasibwe

Conrad

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For instance, using a panel of a few microsatellites, or sequencing a parasite antigen such as AMA-1 [22, 23], in most populations nearly every parasite sampled was different. While fewer studies were done on the population genetic composition of the other malaria parasite species infecting humans – Plasmodium ovale [24], Plasmodium malariae [25], and Plasmodium knowlesi [26] – they revealed important aspects about their biology. This included the finding that P. ovale is in fact two distinct parasite species – P. ovale curtisi and P. ovale wallikeri – which co-occur in many countries [24].…”

Section: Genotyping Malaria Parasites: Lessons Learned and The Way Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Epidemiology at the Clone Level

Koepfli

Müeller

2017

Trends in Parasitology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Genotyping to distinguish between parasite clones is nowadays a standard in many molecular epidemiological studies of malaria. It has become crucial in drug trials and to follow individual clones in epidemiological studies, and to understand how drug resistance emerges and spreads. Here, we will review the applications of the increasingly available genotyping tools and whole genome sequencing data, and argue for a better integration of population genetics findings into malaria control strategies.

show abstract

“…Over the past decade, the world has experienced significant reduction in global falciparum malaria burden, but this decline was less prominent for the other human Plasmodium species [1]. Plasmodium malariae is endemic throughout parts of South America, Africa, Asia, and the Western Pacific [2,3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphic markers for identification of parasite population in Plasmodium malariae

Mathema

Nakeesathit

Pagornrat

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Molecular genotyping in Plasmodium serves many aims including providing tools for studying parasite population genetics and distinguishing recrudescence from reinfection. Microsatellite typing, insertion-deletion (INDEL) and single nucleotide polymorphisms is used for genotyping, but only limited information is available for Plasmodium malariae, an important human malaria species. This study aimed to provide a set of genetic markers to facilitate the study of P. malariae population genetics. Methods Markers for microsatellite genotyping and pmmsp1 gene polymorphisms were developed and validated in symptomatic P. malariae field isolates from Myanmar (N=37). Fragment analysis was used to determine allele sizes at each locus to calculate multiplicity of infections (MOI), linkage disequilibrium, genetic richness index, heterozygosity and construct dendrograms. Nucleotide diversity (π), number of haplotypes, and genetic diversity (Hd) were assessed and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. Genome-wide microsatellite maps with annotated regions of newly identified markers were constructed. Results Six microsatellite markers were developed and tested in 37 P. malariae isolates which showed sufficient heterozygosity (0.530-0.922), genetic richness index (0.050-0.250) and absence of linkage disequilibrium (IAS = 0.03, p-value > 0.05)(N=37). In addition, a tandem repeat (VNTR)-based pmmsp1 INDEL polymorphisms marker was developed and assessed in 27 P. malariae isolates showing a nucleotide diversity of 0.0976, haplotype gene diversity of 0.698 and identified 14 unique variants. The size of VNTR consensus repeat unit adopted as allele was 27 base pairs. The markers Pm12_426 andpmmsp1 showed greatest diversity with heterozygosity scores of 0.920 and 0.835, respectively. Using six microsatellites markers, the likelihood that any two parasite strains would have the same microsatellite genotypes was 8.46 × 10-4 and was further reduced to 1.66 × 10-4 when pmmsp1 polymorphisms were included. Conclusions Six novel microsatellites genotyping markers and a set of pmmsp1 VNTR-based INDEL polymorphisms markers for P. malariae were developed and validated. Each marker could be independently or in combination employed to access genotyping of the parasite. The newly developed markers may serve as a useful tool for investigating parasite diversity, population genetics, molecular epidemiology and for distinguishing recrudescence from reinfection in drug efficacy studies.

show abstract

Plasmodium malariaePrevalence andcspGene Diversity, Kenya, 2014 and 2015

Cited by 37 publications

References 43 publications

Plasmodium Species Infecting Children Presenting with Malaria in Uganda

Plasmodium Species Infecting Children Presenting with Malaria in Uganda

Malaria Epidemiology at the Clone Level

Polymorphic markers for identification of parasite population in Plasmodium malariae

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About