<i>Plasmodium ovale wallikeri</i> in Western Lowland Gorillas and Humans, Central African Republic

Mapua, Mwanahamisi I.; Fuehrer, Hans‐Peter; Petrželková, Klára J.; Todd, Angelique; Noedl, Harald; Qablan, Moneeb A.; Modrý, David

doi:10.3201/eid2408.180010

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Transference of human parasites to animals has been reported for other parasitic diseases (e.g. Cryptosporidium hominis , P. ovale wallikeri , strongylid nematodes) ( Estrada-Peña et al., 2014 ; Hasegawa et al., 2014 ; Mapua et al., 2018 ; Pafčo et al., 2019 ). Reverse zoonosis of human P .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexity of malaria transmission dynamics in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Duarte

Fernandes

Silva

et al. 2021

Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexity of malaria transmission dynamics in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Duarte

Fernandes

Silva

et al. 2021

Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases

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“…Likewise, there are reports of P. malariae in chimpanzees [ 42 , 86 ]. The two P. ovale sub-species circulate in chimpanzees from Cameroon, low land gorillas from the Central African Republic, and bonobos [ 43 , 64 , 84 , 87 ]. Whether this could lead to anthroponotic cycles (reverse zoonosis) is premature to say.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are so different? A tale of two clades and their species diversities

Escalante

Cepeda

Pacheco

2022

Malar J

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The global malaria burden sometimes obscures that the genus Plasmodium comprises diverse clades with lineages that independently gave origin to the extant human parasites. Indeed, the differences between the human malaria parasites were highlighted in the classical taxonomy by dividing them into two subgenera, the subgenus Plasmodium, which included all the human parasites but Plasmodium falciparum that was placed in its separate subgenus, Laverania. Here, the evolution of Plasmodium in primates will be discussed in terms of their species diversity and some of their distinct phenotypes, putative molecular adaptations, and host–parasite biocenosis. Thus, in addition to a current phylogeny using genome-level data, some specific molecular features will be discussed as examples of how these parasites have diverged. The two subgenera of malaria parasites found in primates, Plasmodium and Laverania, reflect extant monophyletic groups that originated in Africa. However, the subgenus Plasmodium involves species in Southeast Asia that were likely the result of adaptive radiation. Such events led to the Plasmodium vivax lineage. Although the Laverania species, including P. falciparum, has been considered to share “avian characteristics,” molecular traits that were likely in the common ancestor of primate and avian parasites are sometimes kept in the Plasmodium subgenus while being lost in Laverania. Assessing how molecular traits in the primate malaria clades originated is a fundamental science problem that will likely provide new targets for interventions. However, given that the genus Plasmodium is paraphyletic (some descendant groups are in other genera), understanding the evolution of malaria parasites will benefit from studying “non-Plasmodium” Haemosporida.

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“…Plasmodium o. wallikeri is also prevalent in Malaysia [26], while P. o. curtisi infections have recently been reported from Sri Lanka [27]. Interestingly, P. o. wallikeri has been detected both in human patients and in Western Lowland gorillas in the Central African Republic [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of two PCR protocols for the differentiation of Plasmodium ovale species and implications for clinical management in travellers returning to Germany: a 10-year cross-sectional study

Frickmann

Wegner

Ruben

et al. 2019

Malar J

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Background: To assess the occurrence of Plasmodium ovale wallikeri and Plasmodium ovale curtisi species in travellers returning to Germany, two real-time PCR protocols for the detection and differentiation of the two P. ovale species were compared. Results of parasite differentiation were correlated with patient data. Methods: Residual nucleic acid extractions from EDTA blood samples of patients with P. ovale spp. malaria, collected between 2010 and 2019 at the National Reference Centre for Tropical Pathogens in Germany, were subjected to further parasite discrimination in a retrospective assessment. All samples had been analysed by microscopy and by P. ovale spp.-specific real-time PCR without discrimination on species level. Two different real-time PCR protocols for species discrimination of P. o. curtisi and P. o. wallikeri were carried out. Results were correlated with patient data on gender, age, travel destination, thrombocyte count, and duration of parasite latency. Results: Samples from 77 P. ovale spp. malaria patients were assessed, with a male:female ratio of about 2:1 and a median age of 30 years. Parasitaemia was low, ranging from few visible parasites up to 1% infected erythrocytes. Discriminative real-time PCRs revealed 41 cases of P. o. curtisi and 36 cases of P. o. wallikeri infections. Concordance of results by the two PCR approaches was 100%. Assessment of travel destinations confirmed coexistence of P. o. curtisi and P. o. wallikeri over a wide range of countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Latency periods for the two P. ovale species were similar, with median values of 56.0 days for P. o. curtisi and 58.0 days for P. o. wallikeri; likewise, there was no statistically significant difference in thrombocyte count with median values of 138.5/µL for patients with P. o. curtisi and 152.0/µL for P. o. wallikeri-infected patients. Conclusions: Two different real-time PCR protocols were found to be suitable for the discrimination of P. o. curtisi and P. o. wallikeri with only minor differences in sensitivity. Due to the overall low parasitaemia and the lack of differences in severity-related aspects like parasite latency periods or thrombocyte counts, this study supports the use of P. ovale spp. PCR without discrimination on species level to confirm the diagnosis and to inform clinical management of malaria in these patients.

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Plasmodium ovale wallikeri in Western Lowland Gorillas and Humans, Central African Republic

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Complexity of malaria transmission dynamics in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Complexity of malaria transmission dynamics in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Why Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are so different? A tale of two clades and their species diversities

A comparison of two PCR protocols for the differentiation of Plasmodium ovale species and implications for clinical management in travellers returning to Germany: a 10-year cross-sectional study

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