Polygonum odoratum leaf extract attenuates oxidative stress and cell death of Raw 264.7 cells exposed to low dose ionizing radiation

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effect of Polygonum odoratum leaf extract (POE) on oxidative stress markers and cell death induced by low dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) in Raw 264.7 cells. The biological activities, chromatographic fingerprint, and cytotoxicity of POE were investigated. To determine the radioprotective effect of POE, Raw 264.7 cells were incubated with POE for 1 hr prior to 100 mGy x-irradiation.The cell viability, oxidative stress damage marker (malondialdehyde level; MDA), and endogenous antioxidant markers (superoxide dismutase: SOD, catalase: CAT, and glutathione peroxidase: GSH-Px) were also determined. The results showed that POE contained 8 essential substances and exhibited a potent antioxidant without any cytotoxicity. It was found that POE significantly decreased the MDA level and activated cell viability, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities. The results from this study indicate that POE is a potent antioxidant, which can be developed as a radioprotector for diagnostic procedures. Practical applicationsPolygonum odoratum leaf extract (POE) is a potent antioxidant that attenuates oxidative stress and cell death induced by low dose ionizing radiation (LDIR). POE might protect against cell damage from LDIR, particularly in diagnostic radiology procedures. Therefore, the development of functional food containing POE might be beneficial for patients who plan to undergo the diagnostic radiology procedure. The functional food containing POE might prevent stochastic and deterministic effects for these patients.

Anticancer Activities of Polygonum odoratum Lour.: A Systematic Review

“…In contrast, the compound or the free aglycone moiety was not detected in the leaf extract of P. odoratum in studies by Pawłowska et al (2020) and Ahongshangbam et al (2014) , and only a small amount was detected in a study by Kawvised et al (2021) . Gallic acid was the predominant constituent in aqueous leaf extract ( Kawvised et al, 2021 ).…”

“…In contrast, the compound or the free aglycone moiety was not detected in the leaf extract of P. odoratum in studies by Pawłowska et al (2020) and Ahongshangbam et al (2014) , and only a small amount was detected in a study by Kawvised et al (2021) . Gallic acid was the predominant constituent in aqueous leaf extract ( Kawvised et al, 2021 ). Tannins were not detected in a screening test by Devi Khwairakpam et al; in contrast, another study reported a high abundance of this class of compounds ( Kumar and Chaiyasut, 2017 ).…”

“…Kawvised et al ascertained that the aqueous leaf extract of P. odoratum showed no toxicity. Moreover, the extract potentially attenuated the death of RAW 264.7 cells exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation ( Kawvised et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Tannins, a subclass of polyphenols, were detected in aqueous-ethanolic extracts and aqueous extracts of P. odoratum by Somparn et al (2013) and Nguyen et al (2020) . A type of condensed tannin, catechin, was reported in several documents as a constituent of P. odoratum ( Nanasombat and Teckchuen, 2009 ; Woraratphoka et al, 2012 ; Pawłowska et al, 2020 ; Kawvised et al, 2021 ) as well as its metabolite, gallic acid ( Ahongshangbam et al, 2014 ; Kawvised et al, 2021 ). In a review by Rajasekar et al, it was found that tannins exhibited essential roles in the treatment of lung cancer through the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, attenuation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and regulation of tumor cell migration, invasiveness, and angiogenesis ( Rajasekar et al, 2021 ).…”

Quercetin-Rich Ethanolic Extract of Polygonum odoratum var Pakphai Leaves Decreased Gene Expression and Secretion of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Murine RAW264.7 Macrophages

“…In contrast, secretion of IL-6, but not TNF-α, was found to be significantly reduced in a concentration-dependent manner with 50% and 100% ethanolic extracts (10-100 µg/mL) of P. odoratum leaves (IC 50 = 25 µg/mL), the scutellarein-7-glucoside fraction (IC 50 = 102 µM) and the quercitrin (IC 50 = 77 µM) extract, all of which emphasized the anti-inflammatory activity of scutellarein-7-glucoside and quercitrin [15]. Moreover, the hot water extract of P. odoratum leaves, which are known to be abundant with TPC (223.0 ± 9.7 mg GAE/mg extract) and comprise GA (7.63 ± 0.30 mg/g), ellagic acid (3.31 ± 0.14 mg/g), C (1.77 ± 0.10 mg/g), rutin (0.40 ± 0.20 mg/g), Q (0.08 ± 0.01 mg/g), caffeic acid (0.07 ± 0.01 mg/g), kaemferol (0.02 ± 0.00 mg/g) and ferulic acid (0.02 ± 0.00 mg/g), exerted antioxidant activities by decreasing malondialdehyde levels while increasing levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in RAW264.7 cells exposed to X-ray irradiation [35]. Furthermore, the water extract of P. odoratum leaves decreased contractions of 80 mM potassium chloride-induced rat ileum in a dose-dependent manner, possibly by increasing the production of NO • via the β-adrenergic receptor pathway and by blocking the calcium influx [36].…”