<i>Pyrosoma atlanticum</i> (Tunicata, Thaliacea): diel migration and vertical distribution as a function of colony size

Andersen, Valérie; Sardou, Jacques

doi:10.1093/plankt/16.4.337

Cited by 43 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In addition to the acoustic observations of E. pacifica discussed above, size-dependent timing of DVM, with smaller-bodied organisms ascending earlier and descending later, has been directly observed in the copepod Calanus pacificus (Enright and Honegger 1977) and the tunicate Pyrosoma atlanticum (Andersen and Sardou 1994). Furthermore, analysis of the extensive continuous plankton recorder survey suggests that, on average, smaller species and life history stages of the copepod Metridia spend more time in surface waters (Hays 1995).…”

Section: Generality Of Predictions-previous Field Studies Indicatementioning

confidence: 76%

Size‐dependent visual predation risk and the timing of vertical migration: An optimization model

Robertis

2002

Limnology & Oceanography

104

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Diel vertical migration (DVM) by zooplankton to deep, poorly illuminated habitats during the day is thought to reduce the probability of attack by visual predators at the cost of decreased net energy gain. Herein, I develop a trade-off model used to predict the timing of vertical migration of zooplankton. The model is based on ''Gilliam's rule''-the notion that animals will select habitats that minimize the ratio of mortality risk/energy gain-and incorporates light-and size-dependent vulnerability to visual predators. The model predicts that smaller, less vulnerable prey should ascend into food-rich surface waters earlier and descend later than larger, more conspicuous organisms over a wide range of conditions. The model has been parameterized for a population of Euphausia pacifica in Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, and predicts that 7-mm (larval) animals will ascend/descend ϳ35 min earlier/later than more conspicuous 24-mm adults. These predictions are consistent with acoustic observations of the timing of DVM in this population. The proposed mechanism for size-dependent timing of DVM is based on the potential for increased energy gain in surface waters and diel changes in vulnerability to size-selective predators. These conditions prevail in both freshwater and marine pelagic environments, and size-dependent DVM is likely to be widespread in zooplankton.Diel vertical migration (DVM), in which pelagic organisms migrate away from food-rich surface waters during the day, is a common behavior that occurs in a wide range of taxa and environments. The adaptive value of DVM is thought to be a trade-off concerning predator avoidance (Ohman 1990;Lampert 1993), because organisms forgo feeding opportunities in the food-rich surface waters to avoid spatiotemporal overlap with visual predators under high light intensities during the day. Visual predators (planktivorous fish) are highly selective and feed preferentially on large-bodied and pigmented zooplankton prey, which are more optically conspicuous (Brooks and Dodson 1965;Batty et al. 1990;Brodeur 1998). Although vertical migration behavior in zooplankton has been the subject of substantial study in the past, the focus of previous work has been on the amplitude and 1 Present address: Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, Oregon 97365 (Alex.DeRobertis@ noaa.gov). AcknowledgmentsI am indebted to M. D. Ohman for guidance and criticism in all stages of this work. The comments of D.

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Section: Generality Of Predictions-previous Field Studies Indicatementioning

confidence: 76%

Size‐dependent visual predation risk and the timing of vertical migration: An optimization model

Robertis

2002

Limnology & Oceanography

104

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“…Therefore, values for z D vary between the euphotic zone and the lower level of the migratory range (taxon and species-specific). Pyrosomids migrate to near the seabed (Andersen and Sardou 1994). Salps migrate from the euphotic zone down to 400-800 m and, in some cases, to 1200-1800 m (Franqueville 1971).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth attenuation of organic matter export associated with jelly falls

Lebrato

Pahlow

Oschlies

et al. 2011

Limnology & Oceanography

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We explore the attenuation in the export ratio of jelly-POM (particulate organic matter) with depth as a function of the decay rate, temperature, and sedimentation rate. Using data from the Vertical Transport In the Global Ocean project, we compare ratios computed with the Martin-curve, with a particle-based parameterization, and with sediment-trap data. Owing to the temperature dependence of the decay rate (Q 10 5 4.28), the jelly-POM export ratio below 500 m is 20-45% larger in subpolar and temperate areas than in the tropics. Vertical migration of gelatinous zooplankton leads to a variable starting depth of a jelly fall (death depth), which governs the start of remineralization, and the fate of the biomass. Owing to the absence of observations, we employ a sinking speed matrix ranging from 100 m d 21 to 1500 m d 21 to represent slow-and fast-sinking carcasses. The assumption of a constant decay rate k independent of temperature in other particle-based models may not be appropriate. These results provide information for including jelly-POM in global biogeochemical model formulations.

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“…Predictions of size-differentiated migration behavior have been made (Iwasa 1982, Fiksen & Giske 1995, DeRobertis 2002, and observations exist for field populations (Andersen & Sardou 1994, De Robertis et al 2000. In general, in the present study, the smaller copepodids showed little dayto-night variation in depth distribution, while larger forms tended to show larger amplitude migrations (Fig.…”

Section: Diel Vertical Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stage-specific mortality of Calanus finmarchicus, Pseudocalanus elongatus and Oithona similis on Fladen Ground, North Sea, during a spring bloom

Eiane

Ohman²

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

111

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We used Woods Population Surface Method to estimate stage-specific mortality rates for populations of Calanus finmarchicus, Pseudocalanus elongatus, and Oithona similis from abundance data obtained during the Fladen Ground Experiment (FLEX 1976) in the northern North Sea. Temperatures from the day and night depth distributions of each developmental stage were used to force temperature functions for the duration of developmental stages. In addition, we considered the influence of potential food-limitation of development, which had only minor effects on the mortality estimates. We show that the risk of mortality changes substantially over the life span of the animals, with notable differences among species. O. similis, in particular, shows negligible losses after naupliar stages 1 and 2, which may account for its numerical dominance in many ocean regions. Differences among taxa are poorly explained by allometry alone and are instead related to species-and stagespecific differences in behavior. The vertical migration behavior of late developmental stages of C. finmarchicus (i.e. their choice of habitat) might help to reduce mortality risk.

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Pyrosoma atlanticum (Tunicata, Thaliacea): diel migration and vertical distribution as a function of colony size

Cited by 43 publications

References 2 publications

Size‐dependent visual predation risk and the timing of vertical migration: An optimization model

Size‐dependent visual predation risk and the timing of vertical migration: An optimization model

Depth attenuation of organic matter export associated with jelly falls

Stage-specific mortality of Calanus finmarchicus, Pseudocalanus elongatus and Oithona similis on Fladen Ground, North Sea, during a spring bloom

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