“…Recent studies have also found that copy number variants (CNVs) and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in diverse neuropsychiatric disorders such as ASD, OCD, and schizophrenia are present in the SAPAP family genes [ 2 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. Further studies with Sapap1–4 -mutant mice have revealed that these mice show marked behavioral abnormalities relevant to neuropsychiatric disorders, including increased repetitive behavior and anxiety, hyperactivity, mania-like phenotypes, altered memory ability, decreased alcohol use, and altered sensitivity to psychostimulants [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 21 , 35 ].…”