SETD2 Mutation in an Aggressive Optic Nerve Glioma

Abstract

exotropia in Rembrandt's self-portraits, because the portrayed deviation did not increase over his lifetime 4 (exotropia usually increases over time). In addition, there is no historical record of such misalignment.Three of Leonardo's 4 paintings and sketches mentioned by Tyler 2 display exotropia, suggesting that Leonardo may also have had strong eye dominance. Curiously, Tyler also mentions 2 sculptures attributed to Leonardo's master and hypothesizes that Leonardo modeled for these. While the sculptures have an apparent exotropia, it is not known whether Leonardo actually modeled for them. Furthermore, making the eyes exotropic in sculptures may have been an artistic trope to give the impression of the sculpture looking back when viewed from different directions. 5 This argument would not apply to portraits, though, which are drawn on a flat surface. Conclusion | In conclusion, Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn andLeonardo da Vinci probably had straight eyes. A strongly dominant eye may have caused them to perceive the reflection of the opposite eye turning out when looking in a mirror, resulting in the apparent ocular misalignment in their self-portraits.

[Retracted] The Expression Profile of miRNA in Glioma and the Role of miR‐339‐5p in Glioma

“…The pathogenic factors of this disease are relatively complex. Under the interaction of congenital genetic factors and environmental carcinogenic factors, the level of genetic and epigenetic material of cells has undergone cancer mutation [ 2 ]. These mutations drive cells to continuously enter the cell cycle, avoid immune suppression, apoptosis, and mitosis, and contact suppression of cell growth, etc., and abnormal energy metabolism, hypoxia, and necrosis corresponding to continuous cell growth also induce changes in tumor angiogenesis [ 3 ].…”

Pilocytic astrocytoma of the optic nerve with intracystic hemorrhage in an adult: illustrative case

“… 4 , 5 OPGs in adults are rare, reported to be clinically aggressive, and often pathologically malignant. 6–8 Mishra et al reported that low-grade tumors accounted for only 22% of adult patients with OPG (≥50 years), whereas 96% of patients 5 to 9 years of age had low-grade gliomas. 9 …”

“…4,5 OPGs in adults are rare, reported to be clinically aggressive, and often pathologically malignant. [6][7][8] Mishra et al reported that low-grade tumors accounted for only 22% of adult patients with OPG ($50 years), whereas 96% of patients 5 to 9 years of age had low-grade gliomas. 9 MRI features of PAs in the optic nerve are hypointensity on T1weighted images, hyperintensity on T2-weighted images, and homogeneous gadolinium enhancement.…”

Genetic characterization of an aggressive optic nerve pilocytic glioma

“…Comprehensive genetic analyses of these complicated tumors are needed to aid with prognosis and treatment, particularly for sporadic cases of ONG which may exhibit an unpredictable clinical course. However, few studies exist, possibly reflecting difficulty in obtaining tissue in this anatomical location [ 9 ].…”

“…Comprehensive genetic analyses of these complicated tumors are needed to aid with prognosis and treatment, particularly for sporadic cases of ONG which may exhibit an unpredictable clinical course. However, few studies exist, possibly reflecting difficulty in obtaining tissue in this anatomical location [9]. WES of the index patient revealed a somatic NF1 mutation, well-recognized to propagate ONG in patients with germline NF1 mutations, but with an unclear role in sporadic ONG.…”