Sphingomonas

Abstract

Sphin.go.mo'nas. Gr. gen. n. sphingos of sphinx; Gr. fem. n. monas unit, monad; N.L. fem. n. Sphingomonas a sphingosine‐containing monad. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Sphingomonadales / Sphingomonadaceae / Sphingomonas Gram‐negative, straight or slightly curved rods or ovoid cells. Rosette‐like aggregation occurs in some species, a characteristic caused by polar fimbriae. The formation of endospores is not observed. Budding, binary fission, and asymmetric division are the major modes of reproduction in most of the species. Cells are either nonmotile or motile with polar flagellation and gliding motility. Mostly aerobic, but few species are microaerobic as well. Esculin hydrolysis is done by most of the species, but there are few exceptions. Colony coloration varies from yellow or red or orange to white to nonpigmented. Catalase and oxidase tests are positive or negative for different species. Glucuronosyl ‐( 1 → 1 )‐ ceramide ( SGL‐1 ), galacturonosyl‐β ( 1 → 1 )‐ ceramide ( in several species ), and 2‐hydroxymyristic acid occur but not 3‐hydroxy fatty acids. Cell‐wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is replaced by sphingolipids. The major fatty acids are C 18:1 , saturated C 16:0 , and/or C 17:1 . The major 2‐hydroxy fatty acids are C 14:0 2‐OH or C 15:0 2‐OH. Glycosphingolipids are present. The predominant respiratory quinone is ubiquinone Q‐10 with minor amounts of Q‐9 and Q‐8. Homospermidine and sym ‐homospermidine are the major polyamines detected. Characteristic 16S rRNA signatures are found at positions 52:359 (C:G), 134 (G), 593 (G), 987:1218 (G:C), and 990:1215 (U:G). Few species are opportunistic pathogens that cause meningitis peritonitis, septicemia, and neonatal infections in intensive care units. Pathogenicity toward animals is not yet known. Distribution is ubiquitous with free living in natural as well as man‐made environments. DNA G + C content (mol % ) : 60.7–72.2. Type species : Sphingomonas paucimobilis Yabuuchi et al. 1990, VL34 (basonym: Pseudomonas paucimobilis Holmes et al. 1977).

Impact of Different Drying Methods on the Microbiota, Volatilome, Color, and Sensory Traits of Sea Fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) Leaves

“…More specifically, the family Methylobacteriaceae includes mesophilic bacteria with optimum growth temperature of 30 • C [51,52]. Most species within the genus Sphingomonas grow in a temperature range from 15 to 35 • C, with optimum at 25-28 • C, although some other species in the same genus can grow at higher temperatures (around 40 • C) [53]. Members of the genus Propionibacterium grow in the range from 30 to 37 • C [54], whereas Bacillus spp.…”

Sustainability in the Production of Gellan Gum From Sphingomonas Species by Using the Best Optimum Conditions: Review

“…Its outer wall differs from other types of Gram-negative bacteria in that it contains a hydrophobic surface, glycosphingolipids, does not contain lipopolysaccharide, it contains C18:1 fatty acids and C16 saturated fatty acids, negative or positive for catalase and oxidase enzyme [12]. The molar ratio of the nitrogenous bases quinine + cytosine in the genetic strand of Strain belonging to this genus ranges between 60.70-72.20 mol% [13]. Colonies belonging to Strain of the genus Sphingomonas are shown, when grown on solid media, round, convex, shiny and smooth, with integrated edges.…”

Microbiology in India: status, challenges and scope

“…The results indicated an abundance of Proteobacteria and ESKAPE pathogens, highlighting the problem of misuse of antibiotics. By and large microbial taxonomists are now using genomic data to relook at the systematics and taxonomy of several new taxa that were until recently classified based on only a polyphasic approach (Kumar et al ., 2020a; Hira et al ., 2021; Sood et al ., 2021b). Extensive information on genomics and metagenomics keeps pouring in from different parts of the country (Hira et al ., 2019).…”