The Atomic Nucleus

Abstract

The exponential laws which govern the decay and growth of radioactive substances were first formulated by Rutherford and Soddy in 1902 (R52) in order to explain their experiments on the thorium series of radioactive substances. Useful mathematical generalizations were made in 1910 by Bateman (B20). The more general forms of the decay and growth equations are therefore often referred to as "the Bateman equations." For three decades the applicability of the equations governing series decay was confined to the uranium, actinium, and thorium series of naturally occurring radioactive substances. With the discovery of nuclear fission a vast number of cases of radioactive-series decay appeared among the fission products. The behavior of all these can be understood with the help of the original Bateman equations.

Progress in organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite single crystal: growth techniques and applications

“…Hence, charge carrier mobility and lifetime are very critical for a high sensitivity X-ray detector. In addition, crystal's atomic constituents Z play an important role for X-ray attenuation coefficient α (α Z 4 /E 3 , where E is the X-ray photon energy) [89].…”

Radioprotection autour d’un appareil de recherches sur la fusion contrôlée : le Tokomak de Fontenay-aux-Roses T.F.R.

“…Cette valeur est probablement majorée par le fait qu'une partie de l'irradiation des films à l'extérieur de la protection vient de la diffusion par le plafond et les murs du hall. 5.4. In f l u e n c e d u m a tériau c o n st it u a n t le d ia ph r a g m e Dans le but d'analyser l'influence de la nature du diaphragme, des expériences ont été conduites sur T.F.R.…”

“…La fraction d'énergie perdue sous forme radiative par un électron est donnée par [5] :f = 7.10-4 Z . E, où E est l'énergie des électrons en MeV, et Z le numéro atomique de la cible.…”

ECO2N V. 2.0: A New TOUGH2 Fluid Property Module for Mixtures of Water, NaCl, and CO₂

“…Where y H2O is the mole fraction of water in the gas phase and the molecular weights of the various species are listed in Table 2.3.1 (Evans, 1982). Thermophysical properties needed to model the flow of water-salt-CO 2 mixtures in porous media include density, viscosity, and specific enthalpy of the fluid phases as functions of temperature, pressure, and composition, and partitioning of components among the fluid phases.…”