<i>Time Relation of Renal and Sweat Gland Adjustments to Salt Deficiency in Men</i>

Robinson, Sarah; Nicholas, J. R.; Smith, Jerome H.; Daly, Walter J.; Pearcy, M.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1955.8.2.159

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The disconnect between the changes in urine [Na + ] and sweat [Na + ] are not surprising given that there is a different time course of adaptation. During prolonged exercise in the heat, the kidney adapts more quickly than the sweat gland, with urine sodium excretion decreasing within 1–2 h, but sweat sodium often not responding within 6 h (Robinson et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restricting dietary sodium reduces plasma sodium response to exercise in the heat

Koenders

Franken

Cotter

et al. 2016

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Exercise-associated hyponatremia can be life-threatening. Excessive hypotonic fluid ingestion is the primary etiological factor but does not explain all variability. Possible effects of chronic sodium intake are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary sodium affects plasma sodium concentration [Na ] during exercise in the heat, when water intake nearly matches mass loss. Endurance-trained men (n = 9) participated in this crossover experiment. Each followed a low-sodium (lowNa) or high-sodium (highNa) diet for 9 days with 24-h fluid intakes and urine outputs measured before experimental trials (day 10). The trials were ≥2 week apart. Trials comprised 3 h (or if not possible to complete, to exhaustion) cycling (55% VO ; 34 °C, 65% RH) with water intake approximating mass loss. Plasma [Na ], hematocrit, sweat and urine [Na ], heart rate, core temperature, and subjective perceptions were monitored. Urine [Na ] was lower on lowNa 24 h prior to (31 ± 24, 76 ± 30 mmol/L, P = 0.027) and during trials (10 ± 10, 52 ± 32 mmol/L, P = 0.004). Body mass was lower on lowNa (79.6 ± 8.5, 80.5 ± 8.9, P = 0.03). Plasma [Na ] was lower on lowNa before (137 ± 2, 140 ± 3, P = 0.007) and throughout exercise (P = 0.001). Sweat [Na ] was unaffected by diet (54.5 ± 40, 54.5 ± 23 mmol/L, P = 0.99). Heart rate and core temperature were higher on lowNa (P ≤ 0.001). Despite decreased urinary sodium losses, plasma sodium was lower on lowNa, with decreased mass indicating (extracellular) water may have been less, explaining greater heart rate and core temperature. General population health recommendations to lower salt intake may not be appropriate for endurance athletes, particularly those training in the heat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restricting dietary sodium reduces plasma sodium response to exercise in the heat

Koenders

Franken

Cotter

et al. 2016

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…20 Sweat sodium concentration is neither constant over time nor identical over different regions of the body, 21 with significant intersubject and intrasubject variability 1 supporting a plausible role for sweat glands in fluid and electrolyte balance. Although the activation, 1 12 22 anatomy 1 19 and function 1 23 of the sweat glands are morphologically and functionally distinct from those of the renal tubules, similar responses to perturbations in both salt intake [23][24][25] and plasma chloride concentration (as a surrogate for NaCl) 26 suggest that they may perform similar and complementary functions in the acute regulation of serum [Na + ] and plasma osmolality. AVP may affect sweat rate and composition via two possible mechanisms: (1) vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood flow (via AVP V 1A receptors) or (2) water reabsorption (via AVP V 2 receptors).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute changes in arginine vasopressin, sweat, urine and serum sodium concentrations in exercising humans: does a coordinated homeostatic relationship exist?

et al. 2008

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The parallel response of sweat rate and urine production to changes in plasma osmolality and volume support a role for arginine vasopressin (AVP) as the main endocrine regulator of both excretions. A maximal test to exhaustion and a steady-state run on a motorised treadmill were both completed by 10 moderately trained runners, 1 week apart. Sweat, urine and serum sodium concentrations ([Na+]) were evaluated in association with the plasma concentrations of cytokines, neurohypophyseal and natriuretic peptides, and adrenal steroid hormones. When data from both the high-intensity and steady-state runs were combined, significant linear correlations were noted between: sweat [Na+] versus postexercise urine [Na+] (r = 0.80; p<0.001), postexercise serum [Na+] versus both postexercise urine [Na+] (r = 0.56; p<0.05) and sweat [Na+] (r = 0.64; p<0.01) and postexercise urine [Na+] versus postexercise plasma arginine vasopressin concentration ([AVP]P) (r = 0.48; p<0.05). A significant positive correlation was noted between postexercise [AVP]P and sweat [Na+] during the steady-state condition only (r = 0.66; p<0.05). These correlations suggest that changes in serum [Na+] during exercise may evoke corresponding changes in sweat and urine [Na+], which are likely regulated coordinately by changes in [AVP]P to preserve body fluid homeostasis.

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“…Thirdly, the lack of any change in the composi-tion of muzzle secretion during aldosterone infusion could be due to the fact that muzzle glands, like sweat glands, have a long latent period and the 5 h period of infusion was too short. This contention is supported by the results of Robinson et al (1955) who reported that the sodium conservation response of the sweat glands to salt depletion in man does not usually appear until after more than 24 h of continuous heat and work stress. Also McConahay et al (1964) did not find any effect of a .4 h infusion of aldosterone on sweat composition of human subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Conn (1949) had reported that the response of sweat glands to salt depletion was sluggish as compared to the rapid response by the kidneys in human subjects. Also, Robinson et al (1955) did not observe any change in the sodium concentration of sweat Ulitil 8 h after excessive sweat losses where aldosterone levels had been raised for 6-7 h as indicated by decreased urinary sodium excretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Muzzle Secretion Electrolytes as a Possible Indicator of Sodium Status in Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Calves: Effects of Sodium Depletion and Aldosterone Administration

Kumar¹,

Singh²

1981

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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In two separate experiments, the effects of sodium depletion and aldosterone administration on sodium and potassium concentrations in muzzle secretion, saliva and urine were studied in buffalo calves. Sodium deficiency in the animals was experimentally produced by unilateral parotid saliva deprivation for 18 days. During sodium depletion, the sodium levels in saliva and muzzle secretion gradually fell while the potassium level gradually rose. The concentrations of both of these cations in urine gradually fell during the course of sodium depletion .. Aldosterone administration in normal (sodium-replete) animals simulated .the effects of sodium depletion as far as cationic changes in saliva were concerned. However, aldosterone did not affect sodium and potassium concentration in the urine and in muzzle secretion in a manner similar to that caused by sodium depletion. Though the hormone decreased urinary sodium without affecting urinary potassium, it did not affect the muzzle sodium or potassium.Results suggest that aldosterone affects the composition of saliva and urine in buffaloes as it does in sheep and other ruminants. Similar changes in composition of muzzle secretion and saliva during sodium depletion indicate that the concentration of sodium in muzzle secretion could possibly be used to evaluate the sodium status of animals.

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Time Relation of Renal and Sweat Gland Adjustments to Salt Deficiency in Men

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Restricting dietary sodium reduces plasma sodium response to exercise in the heat

Restricting dietary sodium reduces plasma sodium response to exercise in the heat

Acute changes in arginine vasopressin, sweat, urine and serum sodium concentrations in exercising humans: does a coordinated homeostatic relationship exist?

Muzzle Secretion Electrolytes as a Possible Indicator of Sodium Status in Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Calves: Effects of Sodium Depletion and Aldosterone Administration

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