Trichoderma atroviride: an isolate from forest environment with secondary metabolites with high antimicrobial potential

Abstract

This work was focused on the characterization of novel isolate of Trichoderma atroviride O1, found in the forest around the village of Zázrivá (the Northern Slovakia, region Orava). The isolate was identified by sequencing its internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. T. atroviride O1 stimulated the development of lateral roots of model plant Lepidium sativum. Simultaneously, the isolate has proved its high mycoparasitic potential as it displayed the ability to attack colonies of phytopathogenic fungi (Alternaria alternata, Fusarium culmorum, Botrytis cinerea). This isolate produced secondary metabolites, which were isolated and tested for the antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. The growth of these bacteria was suppressed to 10 % and 40 %, respectively. The suppression of the growth of two Candida species was also strong (10 % growth). However, growth parameters of three phytopathogenic fungi (Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium culmorum) were less affected (75 % growth in comparison with the control). Attempts were made to characterize secondary metabolites isolated from T. atroviride O1. Known peptaibols, 20—21 amino acid long, but also shorter peptides, were detected by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Thus, this study demonstrates the plant growth promotion, strong mycoparasitic potential and antimicrobial activity of the isolate T. atroviride O1, which could be in part ascribed to the production of secondary metabolites. This isolate does have a potential in the biocontrol in eco-farming. Further study, particularly, the identification of produced secondary metabolites, is needed.

Peptaibol-Containing Extracts of Trichoderma atroviride and the Fight against Resistant Microorganisms and Cancer Cells

“…The presence of peptaibols in crude extracts was monitored by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. First, by analyzing the extracts from the 12th day of cultivation (regardless of light regime), we were able to detect peaks in the range of m/z values from 1904 to 2015 ( Figure 1 ), as had been achieved previously [ 27 ]. The range was practically identical, with the mass spectrum of atroviridins detected in Hypocrea atroviridis (teleomorph = sexual reproductive stage of Trichoderma atroviride ) [ 28 ], which led us to the conclusion that T. atroviride O1 produces atroviridins.…”

“…The production of peptaibols is often strain-specific [ 11 ]. Therefore, environmental isolate such as T. atroviride O1 [ 27 ] could have enhanced the secondary metabolites production (including peptaibols) compared to H. atroviridis ATCC 74058 (=P1) and IMI 206040, which could make it an interesting production strain of 20-residue peptaibols. Another possible explanation was provided by Komon-Zelazowska et al, (2007), who detected peptaibols under the conditions of starvation regardless of light conditions [ 28 ].…”

“…Trichoderma atroviride strain O1 [ 27 ] was used throughout this study. For pre-cultivation, the filamentous fungus was pre-grown for three days on potato dextrose agar (PDA; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) plates at 21 °C (IKA KS 400 ic control, Staufen, Germany).…”

Biological activity of some Romanian and Turkish Trichoderma Pers. strains

“…Studies performed with T. atroviride against pathogenic bacteria revealed that it inhibited the growth of gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus and S. epidermidis (Winslow & Winslow) Evans, rather than gram negative (Víglaš & Olejníková 2019). Similar features were observed also in the present study, with the tested Trichoderma strains, which also inhibited bacterial biofilm development (Fig.…”