“…Representation learning embeds data into a highdimensional space by vectorization [161]. In this Traffic modelling [53,60,64,80] Data cleaning [13,20] Object tracking [114] Heuristic search [65,69,70,93,98] Simulation-based [16,32,87,113,120,124] Mathematical programming [105,116] Indexing [15,17,22 space, adversarial examples can also be generated for adversarial learning [75,76]. The vectors capture the inherent relationships between data.…”