β‐Cyclodextrin‐Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles/Poly(L‐cysteine) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Sensitive Determination of Metronidazole

Abstract

A simple electrochemical method was developed to determine metronidazole based on β‐cyclodextrin‐functionalized gold nanoparticles/poly(L‐cysteine) modified glassy carbon electrode (β‐CD‐GNPs/poly(L‐cys)/GCE). The electropolymerized film of poly(L‐cys) provides a stable matrix for the fabrication of a sensing interface. β‐CD‐GNPs can form inclusion complexes with metronidazole and act as a modifier with catalytic function. The modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards metronidazole. The reaction of metronidazole at the modified electrode was an irreversible process controlled by diffusion. Under optimum experimental conditions, the logarithm of catalytic currents shows a good linear relationship with that of the metronidazole concentration in the range of 0.1–600 µmol/L with a low detection limit of 14 nmol/L. In addition, the modified electrode exhibited satisfactory stability, sensitivity and reproducibility, and could be applied to the determination of metronidazole in an injection solution.

Biomimetic sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer with nitroreductase-like activity for metronidazole detection

“…So it is essential to develop a credible method for metronidazole determination with high degree of selectivity and sensitivity. Several electrochemical methods have been reported for the detection of metronidazole in recent years Gholivand and Torkashvand, 2011;Gu et al, 2013;Jiang and Lin, 2006;Li et al, 2015aLi et al, , 2015bLű et al, 2004;Roy et al, 2014;Sadeghi et al, 2013;Salimi et al, 2007;Yang et al, 2014;Yuan et al, 2015). But most of these protocols are deficient either in cost-effectiveness, easy access or in sensitivity.…”

Biomimetic sensor based on copper-poly(cysteine) film for the determination of metronidazole

“…1c, two oxidation peaks are observed in the successive cyclic voltammograms of Cys/GCE. According to the previous reports, poly(Cys) can be electrochemically grafted on the electrode surface by cyclic voltammetry oxidation of cysteine [7,10,26,27]. During the positive scanning, the peak at 0.80 V is most probably assigned to the oxidation of thiohydroxy in cysteine to radical (RS • ).…”

“…I Lev = 0.62ncFAD 2/3 u −1/6 ω 1/2 (10) where I Lev is the Levich current, F (96485.3 C mol −1 ) is the Faraday constant, u (0.01 cm 2 s −1 ) is the kinematic viscosity of medium [7], and ω (rad s −1 ) is the rotation rate.…”

“…In view of the above, establishing simple, sensitive, and reliable methods for the determination of metronidazole is urgently needed and meaningful for the environmental protection. Because metronidazole contains a nitro group, which can serve as a redox-active centers, electrochemical methods have been used to monitor its concentration [5][6][7][8][9][10]. However, direct electrochemical determination of metronidazole at the conventional electrodes has the drawback of poor reproducibility and low sensitivity, attributed to the surface poisoning resulted from the adsorbed intermediates [11,12].…”

Voltammetric sensitive determination of metronidazole at poly(p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid)-modified glassy carbon electrode

“…A few electrochemical studies have been conducted on the electrochemical behavior and determination of metronidazole in pharmaceuticals and biological sam ples by voltammetric techniques. Electrochemical reduction of metronidazole was studied using different electrodes such as bismuth modified pencil lead elec trode [16], gold nanoparticle/poly(L cycteine) modi fied glassy carbon electrode [17], activated glassy car bon electrode [18], carbon fiber microdisk electrode [19], DNA modified glassy carbon electrode [20], composite film electrode [21], dropping mercury elec trode [22], and ultra trace graphite electrode [23].…”