Iatrogenic GB virus C/hepatitis G virus infection in an area endemic for hepatitis C virus

Ohshima, Shigetoshi; Komatsu, Masafumi; Nakane, Kunio; Meng, Xiang Wei; Goto, Takashi; Fujii, Tomoki; Yoneyama, Kazuo; Wada, Yasuhiko; Tobori, Fumio; Mukaide, Motokazu; Masamune, Osamu; Watanabe, Sumio

doi:10.1053/jhin.1999.0694

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Eighty‐nine percent of SEA patients also had exposure to mass immunization and therapeutic injections, a concept introduced by European colonial powers as a mainstay of medical treatment in rural and urban centers in South‐east Asia. Several studies have shown that the prevalence of HCV increased with increased exposure to therapeutic injections 10,20,21 and mass immunization programs 9,22–24 with the use of inadequately sterilized medical equipment including needles and syringes 25,26 . When we included these less well known modes of acquisition in our questionnaire the majority of SEA patients had one or more risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic and cultural determinants influence risk assessment for hepatitis C acquisition

Dev

Sundararajan

Sievert

2004

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic and cultural determinants influence risk assessment for hepatitis C acquisition

Dev

Sundararajan

Sievert

2004

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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“…29 However, there are endemic areas for HCV in coun- tries with a low overall prevalence, such as Taiwan 4−11 and Japan. 12,13 In addition, some communities endemic for hepatitis C show significant mortality due to HCC. 4 The major factor involved in transmission of HCV might be iatrogenic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4−11 The major etiology of HCV transmission in these isolated areas was iatrogenic contamination, 8−11 which was also seen in Japanese studies. 12,13 To prevent and control this problem, identifying all areas endemic for HCV is essential. Because of financial considerations, it is impossible to screen for anti-HCV in the entire population of Taiwan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a community by the prevalence of elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase: a method to identify areas endemic for HCV.

Lu¹,

Wang²,

Kuo³

et al. 2002

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. To identify areas endemic for hepatitis C virus (HCV), we attempted to predict the prevalence of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) in a community by the prevalence of elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The results of health examinations of 2,273 women Ն 40 years old in five townships in central Taiwan were analyzed. The overall prevalence of elevated ALT levels was 11.6%. A township (20.3%) and 10 villages were identified as having a high prevalence (17.9−40.0%) of elevated ALT levels. Five communities with variant rates of elevated ALT levels, which ranged from 8.0% to 27.3%, were selected for correlation with the prevalence of anti-HCV among adults (Ն 40 years old). The prevalence of anti-HCV, which ranged from 10.1% to 72.1%, were obtained by community screenings and/or hospital-based studies. The correlation equation used was the prevalence of anti-HCV (%) ‫ס‬ 3.33 × (prevalence of elevated ALT levels (%) -5.7%) (r 2 ‫ס‬ 0.94, P < 0.01). Using this method, areas endemic for HCV can be identified by determining the community prevalence of elevated ALT levels.

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“…At the time of injury none of the 21 recipients were positive for GBV-C/HGV RNA or anti-E2; only 1/14 (7.1%) recipients was positive for GBV-C/HGV RNA which persisted for approximately 3 years without any evidence of liver disease (Shibuya et al 1998). It has been suggested that iatrogenic infection with GBV-C/HGV could possibly occur through insufficient sterilization of needles and syringes (Ohshima et al 2000). Confirmation that GBV-C/HGV is indeed an occupational hazard in hospital employees (Gartner et al 1999;Schaade et al 2000) will require more comprehensive longitudinal studies.…”

Section: Current Status Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1998). It has been suggested that iatrogenic infection with GBV‐C/HGV could possibly occur through insufficient sterilization of needles and syringes (Ohshima et al . 2000).…”

Section: Detection Of Gbv‐c/hgvmentioning

confidence: 99%

GB Virus C/Hepatitis G Virus (GBV‐C/HGV): still looking for a disease

Sathar

Soni²,

York

2000

Int J Experimental Path

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GB Virus C and Hepatitis G Virus (GBV-C/HGV) are positive, single-stranded flaviviruses. GBV-C and HGV are independent isolates of the same virus. Transmission via the blood-borne route is the commonest mode, although vertical and sexual transmission is well documented. GBV-C/HGV is distributed globally; its prevalence in the general population is 10 fold higher in African countries than in non-African countries. High prevalences of GBV-C/HGV have been found in subjects with frequent parenteral exposure and in groups at high risk of exposure to blood and blood products. The clinical significance of human infection with GBV-C/HGV is currently unclear. The virus can establish both acute and chronic infection and appears to be sensitive to interferon. Only some 12-15% of chronic Non-A, B, C hepatitis cases are infected with GBV-C/HGV. A direct association with liver pathology is still lacking and it is not yet clear as to whether GBV-C/HGV is indeed a hepatotropic virus. Current evidence suggests that the spectrum of association of GBV-C/HGV infection with extrahepatic diseases ranges from haematalogical diseases, aplastic anaemia, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive idiopathic thrombocytopenia and thalassemia, through to common variable immune deficiency and cryoglobunemia.

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Iatrogenic GB virus C/hepatitis G virus infection in an area endemic for hepatitis C virus

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Ethnic and cultural determinants influence risk assessment for hepatitis C acquisition

Ethnic and cultural determinants influence risk assessment for hepatitis C acquisition

Predicting the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in a community by the prevalence of elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase: a method to identify areas endemic for HCV.

GB Virus C/Hepatitis G Virus (GBV‐C/HGV): still looking for a disease

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