Identification and Characterization of Protamine 3 (prm3) Gene in Aceh Bull Testis

Abstract

The incidence of infertility in breeding male cows highly contributes to economic loss in breeders. To date, there is still a lack of a precise and accurate molecular biomarker to predict the fertility rate on each ejaculation. Therefore, it is important to accurately identify genes related to the fertility of breeding male cows to improve the efficiency of cattle reproduction. In cows, the prm1, prm2, prm3, and tnp2 genes encode basic chromosome proteins located in a compact gene cluster observed in rats and humans. Recently, there is only a few studies and information on prm3. Therefore, explanations on its function, gene profile, characteristics, regulation pattern, its correlation to sperm motility, and fertility in male cows are limited. This study aims to identify and characterize protamine 3 derived from Aceh bull testis, using PCR and DNA sequence analysis. This study was conducted on 10 Aceh bull testes obtained from a slaughterhouse. The steps taken were DNA isolation, prm3 gene amplification, DNA sequencing, and analysis of nucleotide sequences. The results showed that the nucleotide sequence of the prm3 gene in Aceh bull had a high level of homology with the prm3 gene from Bos Taurus and Bos indicus after being compared with data from The GenBank which was around 98-99%. From this study, it can be concluded that the prm3 gene from Aceh cow is identical to the prm3 gene from Bos taurus and Bos indicus at the level of DNA sequence.

Differentiation of human spermatogonial stem cells using a human decellularized testicular scaffold supplemented by platelet‐rich plasma

“…This result showed a potential bottleneck in the transition from middle to late pachytene spermatocytes, as indicated in previous studies 25,36,43,46 . Furthermore, protamine is a binding protein to spermatozoa DNA that can lead to chromatin condensation and consists of protamine 1, 2, and 3 47 . The expression level of the PRM2 in the ECM – PRP group increased compared to other groups and was significantly higher compared to the PRP group.…”

“…25,36,43,46 Furthermore, protamine is a binding protein to spermatozoa DNA that can lead to chromatin condensation and consists of protamine 1, 2, and 3. 47 The expression level of the PRM2 in the ECM -PRP group increased compared to other groups and was significantly higher compared to the PRP group. These results can illustrate that supplemented DTM with PRP can support SSCs differentiation.…”