Identification and characterization of two peptidoglycan recognition proteins with zinc-dependent antibacterial activity from the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera

Yang, Dai-Qun; Su, Zhen-Lin; Qiao, Chuan; Zhang, Zan; Wang, Jialin; Li, Fēi; Liu, Xusheng

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2012.12.006

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The Arg 106 does not restrict BtPGRP binding exclusively to DAP-type PGN because it binds both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. Previous studies have also implied that in addition to PGN, other envelope components such as beta-glucan, LPS and LTA, may be recognized by PGRPs3839. BtPGRP reduced populations of E. coli and S. aureus , from which we infer that BtPGRP has antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…These PGRPs are bactericidal, but they are most likely not amidase-type PGRPs, as they do not have all five conserved catalytic residues. Other PGRPs also show bactericidal activity, such as Drosophlia PGRP-SB130, Bombus ignitus PGRP-S41, Helicoverpa armigera HaPGRP-B and HaPGRP-C38 and the amphioxus Branchiostoma japonicum PGRP-S39. It is not clear how these PGRPs function but we speculate they constitute a new class of bactericidal proteins with structures and action mechanisms that differ from the currently known AMPs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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A peptidoglycan recognition protein acts in whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) immunity and involves in Begomovirus acquisition

Wang

Shi

Huang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are multifunctional pattern recognition proteins. Here, we report that a PGRP gene, BtPGRP, encodes a PGRP from the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (MEAM1) that binds and kills bacteria in vitro. We analyzed BtPGRP transcriptional profiling, and the distribution of the cognate protein within the midgut. Fungal infection and wasp parasitization induced expression of BtPGRP. Silencing BtPGRP with artificial media amended with dsRNA led to reduced expression of a gene encoding an antimicrobial peptide, B. tabaci c-type lysozyme. Begomovirus infection also led to increased expression of BtPGRP. We propose that BtPGRP has a potential Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) binding site because we detected in vitro interaction between BtPGRP and TYLCV by immunocapture PCR, and recorded the co-localization of TYLCV and BtPGRP in midguts. This work addresses a visible gap in understanding whitefly immunity and provides insight into how the whitefly immunity acts in complex mechanisms of Begomovirus transmission among plants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

A peptidoglycan recognition protein acts in whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) immunity and involves in Begomovirus acquisition

Wang

Shi

Huang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Illumina Solexa sequencing has been used to determine the transcriptome of the young larvae of H. armigera ). The immune system is an important target for pest control; thus, many immunerelated genes including PRRs and AMPs have been reported (Chai et al, 2008;Tian et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2010Wang et al, , 2012Wang et al, , 2014aYang et al, 2013). Several genes, such as β-thymosin (Zhang et al, 2011), a BTB domaincontaining protein (Wang et al, 2011) and CTLs (Wang et al, 2012) have been shown to be responsive to 20E injections and immune challenges; however, little is known about how the innate immune response is developmentally regulated by ecdysone in H. armigera.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

20‐hydroxyecdysone transcriptionally regulates humoral immunity in the fat body ofHelicoverpa armigera

Chen

Tang

et al. 2014

Insect Molecular Biology

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20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) increases its titre level during the wandering stage and influences innate immunity in many holometabolous insects. However, the function of 20E as an immune-activator or -suppressor needs to be determined. Here, the transcriptome of the peptidoglycan-challenged fat body of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, was analysed using Illumina sequencing technology. Overall, 32 073 unigenes were assembled with a mean length of 643 nucleotides. Gene expression dynamics in the fat body during the wandering stage and of peptidoglycan-challenged individuals were investigated by the digital gene expression system. Pattern recognition receptors [such as peptidoglycan recognition protein B (PGRP B), PGRP S2 precursor, C-type lectin 5, hemolin and β-1,3-glucan recognition protein 2a] and antimicrobial peptides (namely attacin, gloverin, gloverin precursor, gloverin-like, cecropin 2, cecropin D, cecropin D-like and i-type lysozyme) significantly increased their mRNA levels during the wandering stage. 20E treatment significantly induced the expression of these genes. Antibacterial activities were also enhanced during the wandering stage and after 20E injections. Bacillus subtilis peptidoglycan induced the expression of PGRP D, PGRP B, PGRP S2 precursor, gloverin, gloverin precursor, gloverin-like, cecropin 2, cecropin D and lebocin-like genes. These results demonstrate that 20E acts by enhancing humoral immunity in H. armigera.

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“…PGRP‐SC1 may be one of the factors that trigger phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus (Garver et al ., ). Additionally, two H. armigera PGRPs with amidase activity have been shown to agglutinate Gram‐positive and ‐negative bacteria and inhibit the growth of these two bacteria in the presence of Zn 2+ ion (Yang et al ., ). In the present study, well‐conserved Zn 2+ ‐binding and amidase catalytic sites were identified in MmePGRP‐S1 and ‐S2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of peptidoglycan recognition proteins in endoparasitoid wasp Microplitis mediator

et al. 2016

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Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are a family of innate immune receptors that specifically recognize peptidoglycans (PGNs) on the surface of a number of pathogens. Here, we have identified and characterized six PGRPs from endoparasitoid wasp, Microplitis mediator (MmePGRPs). To understand the roles of PGRPs in parasitoid wasps, we analyzed their evolutionary relationship and orthology, expression profiles during different developmental stages, and transcriptional expression following infection with Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and a fungus. MmePGRP-S1 was significantly induced in response to pathogenic infection. This prompted us to evaluate the effects of RNA interference mediated gene specific knockdown of MmePGRP-S1. The knockdown of MmePGRP-S1 (iMmePGRP-S1) dramatically affected wasps' survival following challenge by Micrococcus luteus, indicating the involvement of this particular PGRP in immune responses against Gram-positive bacteria. This action is likely to be mediated by the Toll pathway, but the mechanism remains to be determined. MmePGRP-S1 does not play a significant role in anti-fungal immunity as indicated by the survival rate of iMmePGRP-S1 wasps. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of PGRPs in the economically important hymenopteran species M. mediator.

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Identification and characterization of two peptidoglycan recognition proteins with zinc-dependent antibacterial activity from the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera

Cited by 29 publications

References 46 publications

A peptidoglycan recognition protein acts in whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) immunity and involves in Begomovirus acquisition

A peptidoglycan recognition protein acts in whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) immunity and involves in Begomovirus acquisition

20‐hydroxyecdysone transcriptionally regulates humoral immunity in the fat body ofHelicoverpa armigera

Comparative analysis of peptidoglycan recognition proteins in endoparasitoid wasp Microplitis mediator

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