Identification and Classification of Prostate Cancer Identification and Classification Based on Improved Convolution Neural Network

Abstract

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men worldwide, second only to lung cancer. The most common method used in diagnosing prostate cancer is the microscopic observation of stained biopsies by a pathologist and the Gleason score of the tissue microarray images. However, scoring prostate cancer tissue microarrays by pathologists using Gleason mode under many tissue microarray images is time-consuming, susceptible to subjective factors between different observers, and has low reproducibility. We have used the two most common technologies, deep learning, and computer vision, in this research, as the development of deep learning and computer vision has made pathology computer-aided diagnosis systems more objective and repeatable. Furthermore, the U-Net network, which is used in our study, is the most extensively used network in medical image segmentation. Unlike the classifiers used in previous studies, a region segmentation model based on an improved U-Net network is proposed in our research, which fuses deep and shallow layers through densely connected blocks. At the same time, the features of each scale are supervised. As an outcome of the research, the network parameters can be reduced, the computational efficiency can be improved, and the method’s effectiveness is verified on a fully annotated dataset.

The Roles of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Prostate Cancer

“…The Gleason score (GS), a predictive index for disease progression, derives from a pathologist's evaluation of prostate cancer tissue microarrays. Basically, five different prognostic groups were classified according to the final score, when ≤6 points usually mean better prognostic results [ 15 ]. The abundance of M2-like macrophages is also strongly associated with a higher GS and indicates worse specific survival and recurrence-free survival after hormone therapy [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Retracted: Identification and Classification of Prostate Cancer Identification and Classification Based on Improved Convolution Neural Network

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process:…”

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [ 1 ]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Peer-review manipulation …”