Identification and evaluation of the inhibitory effect of Prunella vulgaris extract on SARS-coronavirus 2 virus entry

Ao, Zhujun; Chan, Mable; Ouyang, Maggie Jing; Olukitibi, Titus Abiola; Mahmoudi, Mona; Kobasa, Darwyn; Yao, Xiaojian

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0251649

Cited by 29 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Like our work, the study by Ao et al, 2021, reported that aqueous extract of natural herb Prunella vulgaris displayed potent inhibitory effects on SCoV-2 SP (including SPG614 mutant) pseudotyped virus (SCoV-2-SP-PVs) mediated infections [ 43 ]. Extract of Prunella vulgaris and our formulation share critical phytoconstituents, such as Quercetin, Ursolic acid, Saponins, Caffeic acids, Rosmarinic acid, Luteolin, Kaempferol, Gallic acid, etc.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Indian Herb-Derived Phytoconstituent-Based Antiviral, Antimicrobial and Antifungal Formulation: An Oral Rinse Candidate for Oral Hygiene and the Potential Prevention of COVID-19 Outbreaks

Sharad

Kapila

2021

Pathogens

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Outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases continue to challenge human health. Novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered a global coronavirus pandemic, known as COVID-19. Multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 virus are circulating, thus raising questions with respect to the effectiveness of different lines of treatment, such as vaccines and antiviral drugs. To find the appropriate prevention/treatment, 21 plant-based ingredients (Glycyrrhizin, Withanone, Aloe-emodin, Rhein, Emodin, Chrysophanol, Physcion, Kaempferol, Progallin A, Gallic acid, Naringin, Quercetin, Luteolin, and Apigenin) having antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal properties were identified. We pseudo-typed SARS-CoV-2 on a lentiviral vector plasmid and tested the impact of five different herbal formulations in mammalian HEK293T cells. Viral inactivation assay showed that the natural extracts in a herb-derived phytoconstituent-based formulation, BITS-003, comprising Bacopa monnieri, Glycyerrhiza glabra, Asparagus racemosus-wild, and Nigella sativa had strong virucidal properties, inactivating enveloped viruses from 2log10 (or 99%) to >4log10 (or 99.99%). Moreover, bacterial and yeast cells treated with BITS-003 displayed reduced growth. Topical use of the formulation as a mouthwash/gargle could be effective in reducing symptoms of respiratory viral infections, with the potential to decrease the viral load in the buccal/oral cavity. This may inhibit the coronavirus spreading to the lungs of infected persons and at the same time may reduce the risk of viral transmission to other susceptible persons through micro-droplets originating from the oral cavity of the infected person.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Indian Herb-Derived Phytoconstituent-Based Antiviral, Antimicrobial and Antifungal Formulation: An Oral Rinse Candidate for Oral Hygiene and the Potential Prevention of COVID-19 Outbreaks

Sharad

Kapila

2021

Pathogens

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“…At the beginning of the pandemic, pseudotyped viruses with the spike protein of MERS and SARS-CoV were used to search for compounds that could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 [ 31 ]. Recently, it was reported that the extract of Punella vulgaris inhibited the entry of SARS-CoV-2 when using a pseudotyped virus with SARS-CoV-2 spike [ 32 ], similar to the system used in this work. Our study also contributes to demonstrating the potential of pseudotyped viruses as a tool for the screening of a large number of natural products that inhibit the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the cell.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Natural Products Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Entry

et al. 2022

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The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the search for new molecules with antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. The entry of the virus into the cell is one of the main targets for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection. Natural products are an important source of new therapeutic alternatives against diseases. Pseudotyped viruses allow the study of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry inhibitors, and due to their simplicity, they allow the screening of a large number of antiviral candidates in Biosafety Level 2 facilities. We used pseudotyped HIV-1 with the D614G SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein to test its ability to infect ACE2-expressing HEK 293T cells in the presence of diverse natural products, including 21 plant extracts, 7 essential oils, and 13 compounds from plants and fungi. The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) was evaluated using the resazurin method. From these analyses, we determined the inhibitory activity of the extract of Stachytarpheta cayennensis, which had a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 91.65 µg/mL, a CC50 of 693.5 µg/mL, and a selectivity index (SI) of 7.57, indicating its potential use as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 entry. Moreover, our work indicates the usefulness of the pseudotyped-virus system in the screening of SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors.

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“…To construct rVSV-EM2e/ERBD, a cDNA fragment encoding the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1, GenBank accession No. MN908947) spike protein was amplified from a pCAGGS-nCoVSP plasmid 31 and inserted in pCAGGS-EboGPΔM at the MLD region 21 . Then, the EboGPΔM-RBD cDNA (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). The deletion of 17 aa at the C-terminus of SP will facilitate the transportation of SP to the plasma membrane and its assembly into virus because the assembly of SARS-CoV-2 occurs in the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment 30,31 . To reduce the cytotoxic effect of SPΔC Delta 32 in the vaccine platform, we also introduced an isoleucine (I) to alanine (A) substitution at position 742 aa and named it SPΔC1 (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterization of Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (rVSV)-based Bivalent Vaccine Against COVID-19 Delta Variant and Influenza Virus

Ouyang

Olukitibi

et al. 2021

Preprint

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COVID-19 and influenza are both highly contagious respiratory diseases with a wide range of severe symptoms and cause great disease burdens globally. It has become very urgent and important to develop a bivalent vaccine that is able to target these two infectious diseases simultaneously. In this study, we generated three attenuated replicating recombinant VSV (rVSV) vaccine candidates. These rVSV-based vaccines co-express SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant spike protein (SP) or the receptor binding domain (RBD) and four copies of the highly conserved M2 ectodomain (M2e) of influenza A fused with the Ebola glycoprotein DC-targeting/activation domain. Animal studies have shown that immunization with these bivalent rVSV vaccines induced efficient but variable levels of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza M2e protein. Significantly, our vaccine candidates induced production of high levels of neutralizing antibodies that protected cells against SARS-CoV-2 Delta and other SP-pseudovirus infections in culture. Furthermore, vaccination with the bivalent VSV vaccine via either intramuscular or intranasal route efficiently protected mice from the lethal challenge of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses and significantly reduced viral load in the lungs. These studies provide convincing evidence for the high efficacy of this bivalent vaccine to prevent influenza replication and initiate robust immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 Delta variants. Further investigation of its efficacy to protect against SARS-CoV-2 Delta variants will provide substantial evidence for new avenues to control two contagious respiratory infections, COVID-19 and influenza.

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Identification and evaluation of the inhibitory effect of Prunella vulgaris extract on SARS-coronavirus 2 virus entry

Cited by 29 publications

References 38 publications

Indian Herb-Derived Phytoconstituent-Based Antiviral, Antimicrobial and Antifungal Formulation: An Oral Rinse Candidate for Oral Hygiene and the Potential Prevention of COVID-19 Outbreaks

Indian Herb-Derived Phytoconstituent-Based Antiviral, Antimicrobial and Antifungal Formulation: An Oral Rinse Candidate for Oral Hygiene and the Potential Prevention of COVID-19 Outbreaks

Screening of Natural Products Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Entry

Development and Characterization of Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (rVSV)-based Bivalent Vaccine Against COVID-19 Delta Variant and Influenza Virus

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