Identification and Functional Characterization of Two Sigma Glutathione<i>S</i>-Transferase Genes From Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Balakrishnan, Balachandar; Su, Shiliang; Zhang, Cunhuan; Chen, Maohua

doi:10.1093/jee/toy316

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The GST gene encodes a major detoxifying enzyme in most organisms, including plants and animals (Balakrishnan et al, 2018). In our study, GST was detected as an inappropriate reference gene (Figure 2), but it may be suitable in other insects and/or under different conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…This research has resulted in important advances in several areas, including transcriptomics (Duan et al, 2017;Nazar et al, 2020;Wang R. et al, 2020), proteomics (Vandermoten et al, 2014;Prajapati et al, 2020), insecticide resistance (Zhang et al, 2016;Gong et al, 2020), insectendosymbiont interactions (De Moraes et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2019), RNA interference (Kola et al, 2019;Ma et al, 2020), and gene functions Pan et al, 2020). Molecular analyses of R. padi have revealed many important genes (Chen and Han, 2006;Zhang et al, 2016;Fan et al, 2017;Balakrishnan et al, 2018). However, additional research is required to thoroughly clarify the mechanisms regulating the expression of these genes, which may provide insights into the molecular basis of R. padi insecticide resistance and enable the development of improved pest control strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selection and Validation of Reference Genes For qRT-PCR Analysis of Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Physiol.

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Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is an important cosmopolitan pest in cereal crops. Reference genes can significantly affect qRT-PCR results. Therefore, selecting appropriate reference genes is a key prerequisite for qRT-PCR analyses. This study was conducted to identify suitable qRT-PCR reference genes in R. padi. We systematically analyzed the expression profiles of 11 commonly used reference genes. The ΔCt method, the BestKeeper, NormFinder, geNorm algorithms, and the RefFinder online tool were used to evaluate the suitability of these genes under diverse experimental conditions. The data indicated that the most appropriate sets of reference genes were β-actin and GAPDH (for developmental stages), AK and TATA (for populations), RPS18 and RPL13 (for tissues), TATA and GAPDH (for wing dimorphism), EF-1α and RPS6 (for antibiotic treatments), GAPDH and β-actin (for insecticide treatments), GAPDH, TATA, RPS18 (for starvation-induced stress), TATA, RPS6, and AK (for temperatures), and TATA and GAPDH (for all conditions). Our study findings, which revealed the reference genes suitable for various experimental conditions, will facilitate the standardization of qRT-PCR programs, while also improving the accuracy of qRT-PCR analyses, with implications for future research on R. padi gene functions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection and Validation of Reference Genes For qRT-PCR Analysis of Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Physiol.

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“…As the largest family of GSTs, cytosolic GSTs consist of at least six classes in insects: in addition to the ubiquitous sigma, theta, omega and zeta classes, two insect-specific classes of GSTs, delta and epsilon, have been identified (Friedman 2011;Shi et al 2012). As the major detoxification enzymes, interest in insect GSTs has primarily concentrated on their roles in insecticide resistance (Balakrishnan et al 2018(Balakrishnan et al , 2019. Until now, GSTs have been associated with resistance to all major classes of insecticides (Prapanthadara et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional diversification of three delta‐class glutathione S‐transferases involved in development and detoxification inTribolium castaneum

Song

Pei

Zhang

et al. 2020

Insect Molecular Biology

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Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are members of a multifunctional enzyme superfamily. Forty-one GSTs have been identified in Tribolium castaneum; however, none of the 41 GSTs has been functionally characterized. Here, three delta-class GSTs, TcGSTd1, TcGSTd2 and TcGSTd3, of T. castaneum were successfully cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. All of the studied GSTs catalysed the conjugation of reduced glutathione with 1-chloro-2,-4-dinitrobenzene. Insecticide treatment showed that the expression levels of TcGSTd3 and TcGSTd2 were significantly increased after exposure to phoxim and lambdacyhalothrin, whereas TcGSTd1 was slightly upregulated only in response to phoxim. A disc diffusion assay showed that overexpression of TcGSTD3, but not TcGSTD1 or TcGSTD2, in E. coli increased resistance to paraquat-induced oxidative stress. RNA interference knockdown of TcGSTd1 caused metamorphosis deficiencies and reduced fecundity by regulating insulin/target-ofrapamycin signalling pathway-mediated ecdysteroid biosynthesis, and knockdown of TcGSTd3 led to reduced fertility and a decreased hatch rate of the offspring, probably caused by the reduced antioxidative activity in the reproductive organs. These results indicate that TcGSTd3 and TcGSTd2 may play vital roles in cellular detoxification, whereas TcGSTd1 may play essential roles in normal development of T. castaneum. These delta-class GSTs in T. castaneum have obtained different functions during the evolution.

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“…18,19 To date, insect GSTs have been reported to be involved in resistance to organophosphates, pyrethroids and the acaricide cyflumetofen. [20][21][22][23] Insect cytosolic GSTs are classified into six families: ⊐, ε，⊞，ω，⊔ and ζ. Among them, ⊐ and ε are specific to insects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GSTs catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) with xenobiotics, making the conjugated compounds soluble and enabling detoxification through excretion 18,19 . To date, insect GSTs have been reported to be involved in resistance to organophosphates, pyrethroids and the acaricide cyflumetofen 20–23 . Insect cytosolic GSTs are classified into six families: δ, ε，σ，ω，θ and ζ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The determination of Plutella xylostella (L.) GSTs (PxGSTs) involved in the detoxification metabolism of Tolfenpyrad

Li¹,

Sun²,

Tian

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Insect glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play a crucial role in insecticide detoxification. However, there remains a distinct lack of information regarding the role of GSTs in the detoxification of Tolfenpyrad (TFP) in insects. RESULTS: Real-time quantitative PCR showed significant upregulation of PxGSTs after exposure to TFP for 6 h. An in vitro inhibition assay showed that TFP could inhibit PxGST⊐, PxGSTε and PxGST⊞, and the most pronounced inhibitory effect was on PxGST⊞. Metabolism assays displayed that PxGST⊞ was superior to other test PxGSTs in metabolizing TFP. The molecular docking of TFP and PxGST⊞ revealed that the H-bond provided by the sidechains of Tyr107 and Tyr162 were key to the detoxification of TFP by PxGST⊞. Further tests using mutant PxGST⊞ proteins at the sites of Tyr107 (PxGST⊞Y107A) and Tyr162 (PxGST⊞Y162A) corroborated that the individual replacement of Tyr107 and Tyr162 could greatly weaken the binding and metabolic abilities to TFP. CONCLUSION: Metabolic interactions between the Plutella xylostella (L.) GSTs (PxGSTs) and TFP were deciphered. This study illustrates the molecular metabolism mechanism of PxGST⊞ towards TFP and provides theoretical underpinnings for the design and optimization of novel TFP-like insecticides.

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Identification and Functional Characterization of Two Sigma GlutathioneS-Transferase Genes From Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Cited by 17 publications

References 56 publications

Selection and Validation of Reference Genes For qRT-PCR Analysis of Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Selection and Validation of Reference Genes For qRT-PCR Analysis of Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Functional diversification of three delta‐class glutathione S‐transferases involved in development and detoxification inTribolium castaneum

The determination of Plutella xylostella (L.) GSTs (PxGSTs) involved in the detoxification metabolism of Tolfenpyrad

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