Identification and genetic diversity analysis of high-yielding charcoal rot resistant soybean genotypes

Abstract

Charcoal rot disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid is one of the most devastating diseases in soybean in India. During 2018, 226 diverse soybean genotypes were evaluated for genetic resistance under hot-spot conditions. Out of them, a subset of 151 genotypes were selected based on Percent Disease Incidence (PDI) and better agronomic performance. Out of these 151 genotypes evaluated during 2019, 43 genotypes were selected based on PDI and superior agronomic performance for further field evaluation and molecular characterization. During 2020 and 2021, these forty-three genotypes, were evaluated for PDI, Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC), and grain yield. In 2020, genotype JS 20-20 showed least PDI (0.42) and AUDPC (9.37).Highest grain yield was recorded by the genotype JS 21-05 (515.00 g). In 2021, genotype JS 20-20 exhibited least PDI (0.00) and AUDPC (0.00).Highest grain yield was recorded in JS 20-98 (631.66 g). Across both years, JS 20-20 had the least PDI (0.21) and AUDPC (4.68), while grain yield was highest in JS 20-98 (571.67 g). Through MGIDI (multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance) analysis, JS 21-05 (G19), JS 22-01 (G43), JS 20-98 (G28) and JS 20-20 (G21) were identified as the ideotypes with respect to the traits that were evaluated. Two unique alleles, Satt588 (100 bp) on linkage group K (Chromosome no 9) and Sat_218 (200 bp) on linkage group H (Chromosome no 12), were specific for thetwo resistant genotypes JS 21-71and DS 1318, respectively. Through cluster analysis, it was observed that the genotypes bred at Jabalpur were more genetically related.

Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Identification of Leaf Blast-Resistant Rice RILs Using Cluster Analysis and MGIDI

“…According to the results, we found that the selection based on MGIDI provided satisfactory gain. The measured MGIDI, based on the BLUP data from multiple traits in two years, selected 20 resistant genotypes (17,80,111,127,81,38,37,61,132,59,Dorfak,58,46,141,18A,54,27,140,51,and 32) that highly overlapped with selected genotypes using cluster analysis.…”

Molecular analysis of Karawang local soybean genotypes with national superior varieties based on SSR analysis

“…In order to increase the availability of superior seeds, various efforts have been made in the seed sector, including by releasing new superior varieties, both locally and nationally, as a result of plant breeding (Habtegebriel and Abebe, 2023;Sherafatizangeneh et al, 2022;Ali et al, 2022). There are more than 70 soybean varieties that have been released and disseminated to farmers, but it is necessary to study the level of adaptation and stability in various agro-ecosystems such as irrigated paddy fields, rain-fed paddy fields and land so that varieties with high yields are known in these agro-systems (Amrate et al, 2023;Farhud and Mojahed, 2022). New superior varieties can be produced, among others, through purification/ bleaching from local varieties that have long been known and favored by farmers.…”

“…Soybean can be planted earlier in warm winter areas. Soybeans grow best where the average daily temperature is 21 0 C (Amrate et al, 2023;Asadipour et al, 2005;Mojahed et al, 2022). It is better to plant soybeans in full sun.…”

Distribution of Charcoal Rot of Soybean, its Influencing Factors and Pathogenic Variabilities in Different Regions of Madhya Pradesh

“…In this, charcoal rot caused by a necrotrophic soil-borne fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid is a devastating disease of soybean responsible for significant Distribution of Charcoal Rot of Soybean, its Influencing Factors and Pathogenic Variabilities in Different Regions of Madhya Pradesh yield reduction in the top eight soybean-producing nations (Wrather et al, 2010;Amrate et al, 2023c). It occurs yearly and affects most genotypes, varieties and advanced soybean lines under Madhya Pradesh agro conditions (Amrate et al, 2019;Amrate et al, 2023c). Sudden wilting of plants and greyish-black appearance of lower stems and roots are common symptoms of charcoal rot (Gupta et al, 2012;Amrate et al, 2020b;Sagarika et al, 2023).…”

“…Sudden wilting of plants and greyish-black appearance of lower stems and roots are common symptoms of charcoal rot (Gupta et al, 2012;Amrate et al, 2020b;Sagarika et al, 2023). Macrophomina phaseolina has a wide host range (about 500), including field crops, vegetables, fruit, ornamental, medicinal and forest plants (Marquez et al, 2021;Amrate et al, 2023c). Charcoal rot is challenging to manage due to its complex pathogenesis and sudden onset of wilting symptoms (Sagarika et al, 2023;Singh et al, 2024).…”