Identification and quantification of CI Reactive Blue 19 dye degradation product in soil

Abstract

Landfills are becoming the most common way to dispose textiles. The presence of different types of dyes and finishes on textiles fabrics can become an important source of pollution during the degradation process, due to the fact that these chemicals can leach to the soil. The biodegradation of dyes from dyed fabrics is not fully understood, and what can leach into the soil can be more toxic. In this study, cotton fabrics were dyed with CI Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) and biodegraded in soil in a laboratory-controlled environment for a 90-day time interval by using the How to cite this article: Feng C, Sui X, Ankeny MA, Vinueza NR. Identification and quantification of CI Reactive Blue 19 dye degradation product in soil.

Review of the Green Composite: Importance of Biopolymers, Uses and Challenges

“…Prevention, atom economy, less hazardous chemical synthesis, designing safer chemicals, use of safer chemicals and auxiliaries, design for energy efficiency, use of renewable feedstocks, reduction of derivatives, catalysis, design for degradation, real-time analysis for pollution prevention, and safer chemistry for accident prevention are among these principles. Green chemistry is founded on these tenets [164][165][166][167].…”

Synthetic dyes: A mass spectrometry approach and applications

“…Further, the amount of AB25 in soil was quantified. (Feng et al, 2021) Synthetic dyes in foodstuffs (Qi et al, 2021) and medicines (C. Guo et al, 2019) have been successfully identified using MS/MS fragmentation on orbitrap mass spectrometers. In the food industry, a study from 2015 was able to identify 20 synthetic dyes in chili powders in this way.…”

“…For instance, QuECHERS is an extraction method commonly used for dye isolation in foodstuff, and variations on the original method have been developed to extract dyes due to their different physicochemical properties (Adam et al, 2018; Jia et al, 2014; Rejczak & Tuzimski, 2015). One example is a modified QuECHERS method that was successfully used to isolate reactive blue 19 from soil following dyed fabric degradation (Feng et al, 2021). Another option for cellulosic or other natural fibers, aside from chemical degradation using a heavy alkaline solution, is enzymatic degradation, decomposing the fiber to isolate the dyes and finishes present on the surface, or breaking down the dyes themselves (Chacko & Subramaniam, 2011; Feng et al, 2022; Śmigiel‐Kamińska et al, 2020; Vinueza et al, 2013; Vishani & Shrivastav, 2022).…”

“…Before MS analysis, samples in solution may be run through chromatography as sample preparation, for additional chromatographic analysis, or as a way to introduce solutions to the MS instrumentation. Gas chromatography and liquid chromatography (LC or HPLC; Feng et al, 2021; Goodpaster & Liszewski, 2009; Śmigiel‐Kamińska et al, 2019) are often coupled with MS (GCMS/LCMS) for a wide variety of samples, among them the analysis of dyes. However, chromatography alone depends on absorbance/reflectance wavelength and retention time, and with the wide variety of dyes and dyes with similar structures better specificity is needed.…”